Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013 Mar;16(2):162-7. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835c5f29.
Vascular function is recognized as an early and integrative marker of cardiovascular disease. While there is consistent evidence that the quantity of dietary fat has significant effects on vascular function, the differential effects of individual fatty acids is less clear. This review summarizes recent evidence from randomly controlled dietary studies on the impact of dietary fatty acids on vascular function, as determined by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).
Critical appraisal is given to five intervention studies (one acute, four chronic) which examined the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] on FMD. In the acute setting, a high dose of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (4.9 g per 70 kg man) improved postprandial FMD significantly, compared with a saturated fatty acid-rich meal in healthy individuals. In longer-term studies, there was limited evidence for a significant effect of EPA/DHA on FMD in diseased groups.
The strongest evidence for the benefits of EPA/DHA on vascular function is in the postprandial state. More evidence from randomly controlled intervention trials with foods will be required to substantiate the long-term effects of EPA/DHA, to inform public health and clinical recommendations.
血管功能被认为是心血管疾病的早期综合标志物。虽然有大量证据表明膳食脂肪的摄入量对血管功能有显著影响，但个别脂肪酸的差异影响尚不明确。本综述总结了最近随机对照饮食研究中关于膳食脂肪酸对血管功能（通过血流介导的扩张[FMD]来确定）影响的证据。
对五项干预研究（一项急性，四项慢性）进行了批判性评估，这些研究检查了长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（二十碳五烯酸[EPA]和二十二碳六烯酸[DHA]）对 FMD 的影响。在急性研究中，与健康个体的富含饱和脂肪酸的膳食相比，高剂量的长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（每 70kg 男子 4.9g）显著改善了餐后 FMD。在长期研究中，有有限的证据表明 EPA/DHA 对疾病人群的 FMD 有显著影响。
EPA/DHA 对血管功能的益处最有力的证据是在餐后状态。需要更多来自随机对照干预试验的食物证据来证实 EPA/DHA 的长期效果，为公共卫生和临床建议提供信息。
