生命体征：女性和高中女生中的狂饮现象——美国，2011 年。
Vital signs: binge drinking among women and high school girls--United States, 2011.
出版信息
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jan 11;62(1):9-13.
BACKGROUND
Excessive alcohol use accounted for an estimated average of 23,000 deaths and 633,000 years of potential life lost (YPLL) among women and girls in the United States each year during 2001-2005. Binge drinking accounted for more than half of those deaths and YPLL. Binge drinking also is a risk factor for many health and social problems among women and girls, including unintended and alcohol-exposed pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and breast cancer.
METHODS
To describe the prevalence, frequency, and intensity of binge drinking (four or more drinks on an occasion in the last 30 days) among U.S. women aged ≥18 years, CDC analyzed data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Data were also analyzed from the 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey on the prevalence of current alcohol use (one or more drinks during the past 30 days) and binge drinking (five or more drinks in a row during the past 30 days) among U.S. high school girls in grades 9-12.
RESULTS
Among adult women, the prevalence of binge drinking was 12.5%, and among those who binge drank, the frequency of binge drinking was 3.2 episodes per month and the intensity was 5.7 drinks on occasion. Binge drinking was most prevalent among women aged 18-24 years (24.2%) and 25-34 years (19.9%), and among those from households with annual incomes of ≥$75,000 (16.0%). Among those who binge drank, women aged 18-24 years had the highest frequency (3.6 episodes) and intensity (6.4 drinks) of binge drinking. Among high school girls, the prevalence of current alcohol use was 37.9%, the prevalence of binge drinking was 19.8%, and the prevalence of binge drinking among girls who reported current alcohol use was 54.6%.
CONCLUSIONS
Binge drinking is reported by one in eight U.S. adult women and one in five high school girls. Women who binge drink tend to do so frequently and with high intensity. Most high school girls who reported current alcohol use also reported binge drinking.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE
More widespread implementation of evidence-based interventions, such as those recommended by the Guide to Community Preventive Services and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, would be expected to reduce the frequency and intensity, and ultimately the prevalence of binge drinking among women and girls, and the harms related to it.
背景
2001-2005 年期间，美国每年约有 2.3 万人因酗酒死亡，女性和女童因此损失 63.3 万年的预期寿命。其中，狂饮占这些死亡人数和预期寿命损失的一半以上。狂饮也是女性和女童中许多健康和社会问题的一个风险因素，包括非意愿和酒精暴露怀孕、性传播疾病和乳腺癌。
方法
为了描述美国≥18 岁女性中狂饮（在过去 30 天内，一次饮酒 4 杯或以上）的流行率、频率和强度，CDC 分析了 2011 年行为风险因素监测系统的数据。还对 2011 年全国青少年风险行为调查的数据进行了分析，该调查评估了美国 9-12 年级高中女生当前饮酒（过去 30 天内饮酒 1 次或以上）和狂饮（过去 30 天内连续 5 次或以上饮酒）的流行率。
结果
在成年女性中，狂饮的流行率为 12.5%，在狂饮者中，狂饮的频率为每月 3.2 次，每次饮酒 5.7 杯。18-24 岁（24.2%）和 25-34 岁（19.9%）的女性以及家庭年收入≥75000 美元（16.0%）的女性中，狂饮最为普遍。在狂饮者中，18-24 岁的女性狂饮频率最高（3.6 次），每次饮酒 6.4 杯。在高中女生中，当前饮酒的流行率为 37.9%，狂饮的流行率为 19.8%，报告当前饮酒的女生中，狂饮的流行率为 54.6%。
结论
八分之一的美国成年女性和五分之一的高中女生报告有狂饮行为。狂饮的女性往往饮酒频繁且强度高。大多数报告当前饮酒的高中女生也报告有狂饮行为。
公共卫生实践意义
更广泛地实施基于证据的干预措施，如社区预防服务指南和美国预防服务工作组建议的干预措施，预计将减少女性和女童的狂饮频率和强度，最终减少狂饮的流行率，以及与狂饮相关的危害。
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