Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Cancer Control. 2013 Jan;20(1):60-71. doi: 10.1177/107327481302000109.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has been approved for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States for more than a decade. However, the history of the development of RIT agents for advanced-stage solid malignancies dates back much further, and recent advances have renewed interest in this approach for solid tumors.
This paper reviews available evidence for the preclinical and clinical development of RIT agents for solid tumors.
Several RIT agents have been studied for the treatment of a variety of solid malignancies, particularly colorectal, breast, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and primary brain tumors. Multiple novel RIT agents are in active clinical investigation, either as single agents or combined with radiosensitizing chemotherapy or with external beam radiotherapy. Improvements in antibody (and antibody fragment) design and the availability of novel radionuclides have improved the therapeutic window for these agents.
RIT for solid malignancies shows promise, typically with fewer adverse events than traditional cytotoxic systemic therapy. The greatest efficacy will likely be in the adjuvant setting of minimal residual disease. Newer radionuclides, particularly alpha-emitters, offer increased antitumor potency with less toxicity. Physicians and patients should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials of these promising agents.
放射免疫疗法（RIT）已在美国获批用于治疗 B 细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤超过十年。然而，用于治疗晚期实体恶性肿瘤的 RIT 药物的研发历史可以追溯到更早以前，近期的进展重新激发了人们对这种方法治疗实体肿瘤的兴趣。
本文综述了用于治疗实体瘤的 RIT 药物的临床前和临床研发的现有证据。
多种 RIT 药物已被研究用于治疗多种实体恶性肿瘤，特别是结直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、肝癌和原发性脑肿瘤。多种新型 RIT 药物正在积极的临床研究中，无论是作为单一药物，还是与放射增敏化疗联合，或是与外照射放疗联合。抗体（和抗体片段）设计的改进和新型放射性核素的应用改善了这些药物的治疗窗口。
RIT 治疗实体恶性肿瘤显示出一定的前景，通常比传统的细胞毒性全身治疗的不良反应更少。最大的疗效可能在微小残留病的辅助治疗中。新型放射性核素，特别是发射阿尔法粒子的放射性核素，具有更高的抗肿瘤活性，同时毒性更低。应鼓励医生和患者参与这些有前途的药物的临床试验。
