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喀麦隆西南部马万比山的克罗斯河大猩猩(Gorilla gorilla diehli):栖息地适宜性及对人为干扰的脆弱性

The Cross River gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) at Mawambi Hills, South-West Cameroon: habitat suitability and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.

作者信息

Etiendem Denis N, Funwi-Gabga Neba, Tagg Nikki, Hens Luc, Indah Eni K

机构信息

Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

出版信息

Folia Primatol (Basel). 2013;84(1):18-31. doi: 10.1159/000345853. Epub 2013 Jan 8.

Abstract

Only about 300 individuals of the Cross River gorilla (CRG; Gorilla gorilla diehli) survive today. The subspecies is endemic to approximately 12-14 sites at the Cameroon-Nigeria border, and is critically endangered. To understand survival prospects of the CRG at Mawambi Hills, Cameroon, a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) distribution model was used to predict the distribution of gorillas. Overall, 24% of the study area was predicted to be suitable for gorillas. The most important predictors of gorilla distribution were elevation as a surrogate for accessibility (52.4%), distance to nearby villages which represents proximity to anthropogenic disturbance (22.7%), and slope steepness as a proxy for security (19.4%). Gorillas mainly occupied slopes of steep hills and avoided areas of human disturbance. To evaluate the spatial relationship between gorilla distribution and human activities, the predicted habitat suitability map was overlaid with a kernel density map of human activities. A positive correlation was found between locations of human activity and suitable habitat for gorillas (r = 0.5). This suggests that anthropogenic pressures in previously unused forest areas are increasing as a result of resource depletion at lower altitudes, consequently putting the gorillas at greater risk. Conservation management plans that seek to reduce human encroachment into habitats preferred by gorillas such as steep hills will probably contribute to gorilla survival.

摘要

如今,克罗斯河大猩猩(CRG;Gorilla gorilla diehli)仅存约300只。该亚种仅分布于喀麦隆和尼日利亚边境的约12至14个地点,已极度濒危。为了解喀麦隆马万比山的克罗斯河大猩猩的生存前景,我们使用了最大熵(MaxEnt)分布模型来预测大猩猩的分布情况。总体而言,研究区域中24%被预测为适合大猩猩生存的区域。大猩猩分布的最重要预测因素包括:作为可达性替代指标的海拔高度(52.4%)、代表接近人为干扰程度的与附近村庄的距离(22.7%)以及作为安全替代指标的坡度陡度(19.4%)。大猩猩主要栖息在陡峭山坡上,避开人类干扰区域。为评估大猩猩分布与人类活动之间的空间关系,我们将预测的栖息地适宜性地图与人类活动的核密度地图叠加。结果发现人类活动地点与适合大猩猩生存的栖息地之间存在正相关(r = 0.5)。这表明,由于低海拔地区资源枯竭,以前未被利用的森林地区的人为压力正在增加,从而使大猩猩面临更大风险。旨在减少人类对大猩猩偏好栖息地(如陡峭山坡)的侵占的保护管理计划可能有助于大猩猩的生存。

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