Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013 Apr;59(2):61-8. doi: 10.3109/19396368.2012.758790. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
Growing oocytes are arrested at the first prophase of meiosis which is morphologically identified by the presence of a large and vesicular nucleus, called the germinal vesicle. The dissolution of the germinal vesicle marks the resumption of meiosis during which the oocyte undergoes massive modifications up to the second meiotic block, which is removed at fertilization. The interval between the first and the second meiotic block is defined as maturation and the events occurring during this period are crucial for ovulation, fertilization, and embryo development. Oocytes are excitable cells that react to stimuli by modifying their electrical properties as a consequence of ion currents flowing through ion channels on the plasma membrane. These electrical changes have been largely described at fertilization whereas little information is available during oocyte maturation. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the involvement of ion channels and ion currents during oocyte maturation in species from invertebrates to mammals. The results summarized here point to the possible functional role of ion channels underlying oocyte growth and maturation.
生长中的卵母细胞停滞在第一次减数分裂的前期，其形态学特征是存在一个大而泡状的核，称为生发泡。生发泡的溶解标志着减数分裂的恢复，在此期间，卵母细胞经历了大量的修饰，直到第二次减数分裂阻滞被去除。第一次减数分裂阻滞和第二次减数分裂阻滞之间的间隔被定义为成熟，在此期间发生的事件对于排卵、受精和胚胎发育至关重要。卵母细胞是可兴奋的细胞，它们通过等离子膜上的离子通道中的离子流来改变其电特性，从而对刺激做出反应。这些电变化在受精时已经得到了广泛的描述，而在卵母细胞成熟期间则几乎没有信息。本综述的目的是概述从无脊椎动物到哺乳动物的卵母细胞成熟过程中离子通道和离子流的参与情况。这里总结的结果指出了离子通道在卵母细胞生长和成熟中的潜在功能作用。
