Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2013 Feb;23(1):29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.12.004. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Translational control provides numerous advantages in regulation of gene expression including rapid responsiveness, intracellular localization, nondestruction of template mRNA, and coordinated regulation of transcript ensembles. Transcript-selective, translational control is driven by the specific interaction of factor(s) with the 5' or 3' untranslated region (UTR), thereby influencing initiation, elongation, or termination of mRNA translation. The mean length of human 3'UTRs is greater than that of 5'UTR, indicating the expanded potential for motifs, structural elements, and binding sites for trans-acting factors that exert transcript-selective translation control. New and unexpected mechanisms of 3'UTR-mediated translational control and their contributions to disease have received increasing attention during the last decade. Here, we briefly review a few recent and representative discoveries of 3'UTR-mediated translational control, emphasizing the novel aspects of these regulatory mechanisms and their potential pathophysiological significance.
翻译控制在基因表达调控中具有许多优势，包括快速响应、细胞内定位、不破坏模板 mRNA 以及转录本集合的协调调节。转录选择性翻译控制是由因子与 5'或 3'非翻译区（UTR）的特异性相互作用驱动的，从而影响 mRNA 翻译的起始、延伸或终止。人类 3'UTR 的平均长度大于 5'UTR，表明存在更多的基序、结构元件和结合位点，可用于发挥转录选择性翻译控制作用的反式作用因子。在过去十年中，人们越来越关注 3'UTR 介导的翻译控制的新的和意外机制及其对疾病的贡献。在这里，我们简要回顾了一些最近的具有代表性的 3'UTR 介导的翻译控制发现，强调了这些调节机制的新颖方面及其潜在的病理生理意义。
