Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013 May;84(1):1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
Therapeutics such as nucleic acids, proteins/peptides, vaccines, anti-cancer, and other drugs have disadvantages of low bio-availability, rapid clearance, and high toxicity. Thus, there is a significant need for the development of efficient delivery methods and carriers. Injectable nanocarriers have received much attention due to their vast range of structures and ability to contain multiple functional groups, both within the bulk material and on the surface of the particles. Nanocarriers may be tailored to control drug release and/or increase selective cell targeting, cellular uptake, drug solubility, and circulation time, all of which lead to a more efficacious delivery and action of therapeutics. The focus of this review is injectable, targeted nanoparticle drug delivery carriers highlighting the diversity of nanoparticle materials and structures as well as highlighting current therapeutics and targeting moieties. Structures and materials discussed include liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, cyclodextrin-containing polymers (CDPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and gold nanoparticles. Additionally, current clinical trial information and details such as trial phase, treatment, active drug, carrier sponsor, and clinical trial identifier for different materials and structures are presented and discussed.
治疗方法，如核酸、蛋白质/肽、疫苗、抗癌药物和其他药物具有生物利用度低、清除速度快和毒性高的缺点。因此，迫切需要开发有效的递送方法和载体。由于其广泛的结构和能够在颗粒的内部和表面包含多个官能团的能力，可注射的纳米载体受到了广泛关注。纳米载体可以被定制以控制药物释放和/或增加选择性细胞靶向、细胞摄取、药物溶解度和循环时间，所有这些都导致治疗效果更有效。这篇综述的重点是可注射的、靶向的纳米颗粒药物递送载体，突出了纳米颗粒材料和结构的多样性，并强调了当前的治疗方法和靶向部分。讨论的结构和材料包括脂质体、聚合物胶束、树枝状大分子、包含环糊精的聚合物（CDPs）、碳纳米管（CNTs）和金纳米颗粒。此外，还介绍和讨论了不同材料和结构的当前临床试验信息和细节，例如试验阶段、治疗方法、活性药物、载体赞助商和临床试验标识符。
