Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Curr Drug Metab. 2012 Jan;13(1):82-92. doi: 10.2174/138920012798356862.
Introducing exogenous proteins intracellularly presents tremendous chances in scientific research and clinical applications. The effectiveness of this method, however, has been limited by lack of efficient ways to achieve intracellular protein delivery and poor stability of the delivered proteins. Over the years, a variety of nanomaterials have been explored as intracellular protein delivery vectors, including liposomes, polymers, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica particles, and carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials stand out in various protein delivery systems due to various advantages, such as efficient intracellular delivery, long circulation time, and passive tumor targeting. Additionally, chemistry behind these nanomaterials provides readily engineered materials, enabling versatile designs of delivery agents. Intracellular delivery mediated by such nanocarriers achieved varying degrees of success. Different problems associated with these nanocarriers, however, still hamper their real-world applications. Developing new delivery methods or vectors remains essential but challenging. This review surveys the current developments in protein delivery based on synthetic nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymers and inorganic nanocarriers; Prospects for future development of protein delivery nanocarriers are also provided.
将外源性蛋白质导入细胞内为科学研究和临床应用带来了巨大的机会。然而，这种方法的有效性受到缺乏有效实现细胞内蛋白质递送的方法和递送到细胞内的蛋白质稳定性差的限制。多年来，已经探索了各种纳米材料作为细胞内蛋白质递送载体，包括脂质体、聚合物、金纳米粒子、介孔硅粒子和碳纳米管。由于具有高效的细胞内递药、长循环时间和被动肿瘤靶向等各种优势，纳米材料在各种蛋白质递药系统中脱颖而出。此外，这些纳米材料背后的化学为可易于设计的材料提供了支持，从而能够实现递药试剂的多样化设计。由这些纳米载体介导的细胞内递药取得了不同程度的成功。然而，与这些纳米载体相关的不同问题仍然阻碍了它们的实际应用。开发新的递药方法或载体仍然至关重要，但也具有挑战性。本综述调查了基于合成纳米载体（包括脂质体、聚合物和无机纳米载体）的蛋白质递药的最新进展，并提供了蛋白质递药纳米载体的未来发展前景。
