Dept 91410, Volvo Cars Safety Centre, PV21, Volvo Car Corporation, SE-405 31 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Mar;52:51-63. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.016. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Accident data play an important role in vehicle safety development. Accident data sources are generally limited in terms of how much information is provided on driver states and behaviour prior to an accident. However, the precise limitations vary between databases, due to differences in analysis focus and data collection procedures between organisations. If information about a specific accident can be retrieved from more than one data source it should be possible to combine the available information sets to facilitate data from one source to compensate for limitations in the other(s). To investigate the viability of such compensation, this study identified a set of accidents recorded in two different data sources. The first data source investigated was an accident mail survey and the second data source insurance claims documents consisting predominantly of insurance claims completed by the involved road users. An analysis of survey variables was compared to a case analysis including word data derived from the same survey and filed insurance claims documents. For each accident, the added value of having access to more than one source of information was assessed. To limit the scope of this study, three particular topics were investigated: available information on low vigilance (e.g., being drowsy, ill); secondary task distraction (e.g., talking with passengers, mobile phone use); and distraction related to the driving task (e.g., looking for approaching vehicles). Results suggest that for low vigilance and secondary task distraction, a combination of the mail survey and insurance claims documents provide more reliable and detailed pre-crash information than survey variables alone. However, driving related distraction appears to be more difficult to capture. In order to gain a better understanding of the above issues and how frequently they occur in accidents, the data sources and analysis methods suggested here may be combined with other investigation methods such as in-depth accident investigations and pre-crash data recordings.
事故数据在车辆安全开发中起着重要作用。事故数据源在提供事故发生前驾驶员状态和行为方面的信息通常是有限的。然而，由于组织之间的分析重点和数据收集程序不同，数据库之间的精确限制也有所不同。如果可以从多个数据源检索到有关特定事故的信息，则应该可以组合可用的信息集，以便从一个源的数据来弥补其他源的数据的局限性。为了研究这种补偿的可行性，本研究从两个不同的数据源中确定了一组事故。第一个研究的数据源是事故邮件调查，第二个数据源是保险索赔文件，主要由涉及的道路使用者填写的保险索赔组成。对调查变量的分析与包括来自同一调查的文字数据的案例分析进行了比较，并与存档的保险索赔文件进行了比较。对于每个事故，评估了访问多个信息源的附加值。为了限制本研究的范围，研究了三个特定主题：低警觉性（例如，困倦、不适）的可用信息；次要任务干扰（例如，与乘客交谈、使用手机）；以及与驾驶任务相关的干扰（例如，寻找接近的车辆）。结果表明，对于低警觉性和次要任务干扰，邮件调查和保险索赔文件的组合提供了比调查变量更可靠和详细的碰撞前信息。然而，驾驶相关干扰似乎更难捕捉。为了更好地理解上述问题以及它们在事故中出现的频率，这里建议的数据来源和分析方法可以与其他调查方法（如深入事故调查和碰撞前数据记录）结合使用。
