Welch-Carre Elizabeth
Newborn Center, The Children's Hospital Denver, Denver, CO 80020, USA.
Adv Neonatal Care. 2005 Aug;5(4):217-29. doi: 10.1016/j.adnc.2005.04.007.
During pregnancy, ingestion of alcohol, a known teratogen, can cause harm to the fetus. Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the leading causes of birth defects, developmental disorders, and mental retardation in children. The fetal central nervous system is particularly vulnerable to alcohol; this vulnerability contributes to many of the long-term disabilities and disorders seen in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure. Diagnoses associated with prenatal alcohol exposure include fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol effects, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, and alcohol-related birth defects. Once diagnosed, early intervention improves the long-term outcome of affected children. Without documentation of maternal alcohol use, a diagnosis, and consequently treatment, is often difficult to attain. It is imperative that nurses, physicians, and other healthcare providers become comfortable with obtaining a history of, and providing anticipatory guidance and counseling about, alcohol use.
孕期摄入已知的致畸物酒精会对胎儿造成伤害。产前酒精暴露是儿童出生缺陷、发育障碍和智力迟钝的主要原因之一。胎儿中枢神经系统对酒精尤为敏感；这种敏感性导致了许多产前酒精暴露个体出现的长期残疾和障碍。与产前酒精暴露相关的诊断包括胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）、部分胎儿酒精综合征、胎儿酒精影响、酒精相关神经发育障碍和酒精相关出生缺陷。一旦确诊，早期干预可改善受影响儿童的长期预后。如果没有母亲饮酒情况的记录，往往难以做出诊断并进而进行治疗。护士、医生和其他医疗服务提供者必须熟练掌握获取饮酒史，并就饮酒问题提供预期指导和咨询。
