Brown Haywood L, Graves Cornelia R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Mar;56(1):107-13. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318282377d.
The obstetrical, neonatal, and childhood risk associated with prenatal smoking are well known. Prenatal smoking has been implicated in up to 25% of low birth weight infants primarily from preterm birth and fetal growth restriction and up to 10% of all infant mortality. The relationship between prenatal marijuana smoking and obstetrical and infant outcomes is less clear. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy. Neither exposure to cigarette nor marijuana smoke has evidence for teratogenicity, but both have been implicated in developmental and hyperactivity disorders in children. Pregnant women should be counseled on the risk of both cigarette and marijuana smoking.
产前吸烟与产科、新生儿及儿童期风险相关，这是众所周知的。产前吸烟与高达25%的低出生体重儿有关，主要原因是早产和胎儿生长受限，且与所有婴儿死亡病例中的10%有关。产前吸食大麻与产科及婴儿结局之间的关系尚不清楚。大麻是孕期最常用的非法药物。接触香烟烟雾和大麻烟雾均无致畸性证据，但两者都与儿童发育和多动障碍有关。应向孕妇提供关于吸烟和吸食大麻风险的咨询。
