Fried P A, Watkinson B
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1990 Apr;11(2):49-58.
Aspects of neurobehavioral development were examined in 133 36-month- and 130 48-month-old children for whom prenatal exposure to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol had been previously ascertained and who have been assessed since birth. Parallelling earlier observations made with this sample at 12 and 24 months, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking was significantly associated with poorer language development and lower cognitive scores at both 36 and 48 months after statistically controlling for confounding factors. Relatively low levels of maternal alcohol consumption, which had measurable effects at 24 and 36 months, no longer had significant relationships with outcome variables at 48 months of age. At 48 months, significantly lower scores in verbal and memory domains were associated with maternal marijuana use after adjusting for confounding variables. This negative relationship is the first reported association beyond the neonatal stage, and may represent a long-term effect of the drug upon complex behavior that, at a younger age, had not developed and/or could not be assessed.
对133名36个月大的儿童和130名48个月大的儿童的神经行为发育方面进行了检查，这些儿童先前已确定在产前接触过大麻、香烟和酒精，并且自出生以来一直在接受评估。与之前在12个月和24个月时对该样本进行的观察结果相似，在对混杂因素进行统计控制后，产前接触吸烟与36个月和48个月时较差的语言发育和较低的认知得分显著相关。母亲相对较低的酒精消费量在24个月和36个月时有可测量的影响，但在48个月时与结局变量不再有显著关系。在48个月时，在调整混杂变量后，言语和记忆领域的得分显著较低与母亲使用大麻有关。这种负相关关系是首次报道的新生儿期之后的关联，可能代表了该药物对复杂行为的长期影响，而在较年轻时，这种复杂行为尚未发展和/或无法评估。
