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供体对其配子所孕育的子女的信息的知情权。

The right of the donor to information about children conceived from his or her gametes.

机构信息

Department of Philosophy and Moral Science, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

出版信息

Hum Reprod. 2013 Mar;28(3):560-5. doi: 10.1093/humrep/des444. Epub 2013 Jan 12.

Abstract

The field of gamete donation for medically assisted reproduction purposes is evolving. While anonymous gamete donation was long the preferred practice, a new focus on the rights and interests of donor-conceived children has led a number of countries to shift towards an open-identity system. However, this evolution appears to overlook whether information exchange could also be of interest to the other parties involved, in particular the gamete donors. In this article, we analyse the question whether donors should be granted a right to some information about the offspring conceived by their donations. We constructed five arguments which donors could use in support of such a claim: (i) It can be of great importance to the donors' and their own children's health that they receive medical information (in particular, evidence of an unsuspected genetic disease) about the donor offspring; (ii) basic information (such as whether any children were born) could be a way to acknowledge donors for their altruistic behaviour; (iii) general information (information about the child's wellbeing) about the donor offspring could ease the donors' potential concern about and sense of responsibility for the offspring; (iv) basic information could provide an important enrichment of the donors' identities; (v) identifying information would be useful for donors who want to contact the donor offspring. No strong arguments in favour of granting donors the right to identifying information were found. An exchange of this type of information should only be accepted when all parties agree. Taken together, the four first arguments form a strong case for granting donors a right to several types of anonymous information about the donor offspring.

摘要

配子捐赠在医学辅助生殖领域的发展。虽然匿名配子捐赠一直是首选做法,但对捐赠所孕育儿童的权利和利益的新关注,导致一些国家转向开放身份制度。然而,这种演变似乎忽略了信息交流是否也可能引起其他相关方的兴趣,特别是配子捐赠者。在本文中,我们分析了是否应该赋予捐赠者获取关于其捐赠配子所孕育后代的某些信息的权利的问题。我们构建了五个论点,捐赠者可以使用这些论点来支持这种主张:(i)他们获得有关捐赠后代的医疗信息(特别是有关意外遗传疾病的证据)对捐赠者及其自身子女的健康至关重要;(ii)基本信息(如是否有任何孩子出生)可以是承认捐赠者利他行为的一种方式;(iii)有关捐赠后代的一般信息(有关孩子健康状况的信息)可以减轻捐赠者对后代的潜在关注和责任感;(iv)基本信息可以丰富捐赠者的身份;(v)身份信息对想要联系捐赠后代的捐赠者很有用。没有发现支持赋予捐赠者获取身份信息权利的有力论据。只有在所有各方都同意的情况下,才能接受这种类型的信息交流。总之,前四个论点为赋予捐赠者获取关于捐赠后代的几种匿名信息的权利提供了有力的依据。

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