Holtz Peter, Dahinden Janine, Wagner Wolfgang
Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Planetarium 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2013 Jun;47(2):231-48. doi: 10.1007/s12124-012-9227-6.
Based on five focus groups (total N = 56) with German Muslims, we analyze discourses on the experience of discrimination and feelings of national and religious attachment. The focus groups took place in mid to late 2010 in four German cities. Whereas only few participants describe personal discrimination by non-Muslim Germans, almost all participants complain about being collectively discriminated and rejected. This perception triggers processes of confirming their original cultural identity, primarily their Muslim affiliation and of strengthening the boundary towards the wider society. The analysis of the discourse shows the participants to fall back into an essentialized way of thinking that makes their ethnic being incompatible with being German; and they resort to their Muslim roots as a cultural resource for identity construction and self-worth. Others cope with their feeling of rejection by engaging in local politics and sports activities that allows them to attribute themselves a hyphenated identity as Turkish-Germans. The findings are discussed in terms of social identity, psychological essentialism, transnationalized religion, and boundary making.
基于与德国穆斯林进行的五个焦点小组（总样本量N = 56），我们分析了关于歧视经历以及国家和宗教归属感的话语。这些焦点小组于2010年年中至年末在德国四个城市举行。虽然只有少数参与者描述了非穆斯林德国人对他们的个人歧视，但几乎所有参与者都抱怨受到集体歧视和排斥。这种认知引发了确认其原文化身份的过程，主要是他们的穆斯林身份，并强化了与更广泛社会的界限。对话语的分析表明，参与者陷入了一种本质主义的思维方式，使他们的族裔身份与德国身份不相容；他们诉诸自己的穆斯林根源，将其作为身份建构和自我价值的文化资源。其他人则通过参与地方政治和体育活动来应对被排斥的感觉，这些活动使他们能够赋予自己“土耳其裔德国人”这样一个复合身份。我们从社会身份、心理本质主义、跨国宗教和边界形成等方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
