Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Periodontal Res. 2013 Oct;48(5):600-5. doi: 10.1111/jre.12044. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
Studies reporting on the association between smoking and periodontal disease have mostly focused on active smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between active smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke at home and at work and the prevalence of periodontal disease among young Japanese women.
Study subjects were 1167 postpartum women with a mean age of 31.5 years. Information on smoking and potential confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Partial-mouth recording was used to determine probing pocket depth at six sites per tooth for six teeth in the mouth. Periodontal disease was defined as positive if a woman had at least one tooth with a probing pocket depth of 3.5 mm or deeper. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, household income, education, toothbrushing frequency and use of an interdental brush.
Compared with never smoking, ever smoking was independently positively associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease: the adjusted odds ratio was 1.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.36). There was a marginally significant positive dose-response relationship between pack-years of smoking and the prevalence of periodontal disease (p for linear trend = 0.08). No material associations were observed between second-hand smoke exposure at home or at work and periodontal disease.
Our findings suggest that active smoking, but not passive smoking, might be associated with an increased prevalence of periodontal disease among young women in Japan.
既往有关吸烟与牙周病相关性的研究多集中于主动吸烟。本研究旨在调查日本年轻女性中主动吸烟和家庭及工作环境中二手烟暴露与牙周病患病之间的关系。
研究对象为 1167 名产后女性，平均年龄为 31.5 岁。通过自填式问卷获取吸烟情况及潜在混杂因素信息。采用部分口腔记录法，对每颗牙的 6 个位点进行探诊，以确定牙周袋深度。若女性至少有 1 颗牙的牙周袋深度≥3.5mm，则定义为患有牙周病。调整年龄、居住地区、家庭收入、教育程度、刷牙频率和使用牙间刷等因素后进行分析。
与从不吸烟相比，吸烟（无论是否曾吸）与牙周病患病独立相关：调整后的比值比为 1.56（95%可信区间：1.02-2.36）。吸烟包年数与牙周病患病之间存在边际显著的正相关关系（线性趋势检验 p=0.08）。家庭或工作环境中的二手烟暴露与牙周病之间未见明显关联。
本研究结果提示，主动吸烟而非被动吸烟可能与日本年轻女性牙周病患病风险增加相关。
