Hoar Sarah, Linnell Karina J
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2013 Feb;75(2):210-5. doi: 10.3758/s13414-012-0421-x.
In the present study, we used Navon-type Cognitive Psychology 9: 353-383 (1977) hierarchical patterns to demonstrate that cognitive load eliminates a global perceptual bias and enhances the representation of local elements at unlimited exposure durations. We added a cognitive-load manipulation to Kimchi and Palmer's Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:521-535 (1982) similarity-matching experiment with hierarchical patterns, and presented the stimuli for either unlimited or limited exposure durations. When exposures were unlimited, we demonstrated that observers exhibited a global bias under low, but not under high, cognitive load (Exp. 2). When exposures were limited, however, cognitive load exerted no effect, and the global bias remained (Exp. 1). We suggest that (1) these findings are best reconciled by proposing two stages in the representation of global structure, namely construction and maintenance; (2) the construction and maintenance stages are isolated, respectively, by limited-duration and unlimited-duration paradigms; and (3) cognitive processes play an integral role only in the maintenance stage. Given that real-world vision is not driven by a series of brief stimulus exposures, and is therefore likely to reflect maintenance processes, we argue that unlimited-exposure paradigms are more suitable for addressing real-world perceptual biases. When unlimited-exposure paradigms are used, cognitive load eliminates the commonly reported global bias.
在本研究中，我们使用纳冯型认知心理学9：353 - 383（1977）中的层级模式来证明，在无限制的呈现持续时间下，认知负荷消除了整体知觉偏差并增强了局部元素的表征。我们在金奇和帕尔默发表于《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与表现》8：521 - 535（1982）的关于层级模式的相似性匹配实验中增加了认知负荷操作，并以无限制或有限的呈现持续时间呈现刺激。当呈现时间无限制时，我们证明观察者在低认知负荷而非高认知负荷下表现出整体偏差（实验2）。然而，当呈现时间有限时，认知负荷没有产生影响，整体偏差仍然存在（实验1）。我们认为：（1）通过提出整体结构表征的两个阶段，即构建和维持，能够最好地解释这些发现；（2）构建和维持阶段分别由有限持续时间和无限制持续时间范式所分离；（3）认知过程仅在维持阶段发挥不可或缺的作用。鉴于现实世界中的视觉并非由一系列短暂的刺激呈现所驱动，因此可能反映的是维持过程，我们认为无限制呈现范式更适合用于研究现实世界中的知觉偏差。当使用无限制呈现范式时，认知负荷消除了通常所报道的整体偏差。
