Dept of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Sep;8(5):467-74. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.5.467. Epub 2012 Jan 8.
Rugby league is a contact team sport performed at an average intensity similar to that of other team sports (~70-80% VO2max), made up of unsystematic movements of varying type, duration, and frequency. The high number of collisions, repeated eccentric muscle contractions associated with accelerating and decelerating, and prolonged aerobic nature of rugby league matches result in the development of fatigue in the days after exercise. Monitoring the presence and magnitude of this fatigue to maximize performance and training adaptation is an important consideration for applied sports scientists. Several methods have been proposed to measure the magnitude of fatigue in athletes. Perceptual measures (eg, questionnaires) are easy to employ and are sensitive to changes in performance. However, the subjective nature of such measures should be considered. Blood biochemical markers of fatigue may provide a more objective measure of homeostatic disturbances associated with fatigue; however, the cost, level of expertise required, and high degree of variability of many of these measures often preclude them from being used in the applied setting. Accordingly, simple measure of muscle function (eg, jump height) and simulated performance offer the most practical and appropriate method of determining the extent of fatigue experienced by rugby league players. A meaningful change in each measure of fatigue for the monitoring of players can be easily determined, provided that the reliability of the measure is known. Multiplying the coefficient of variation by 0.3, 0.9, and 1.6 can be used to determine a small, moderate, and large change, respectively.
橄榄球联盟是一项接触式团队运动，其平均运动强度与其他团队运动相似（~70-80%VO2max），由不同类型、持续时间和频率的非系统性运动组成。由于碰撞次数多、与加速和减速相关的重复离心肌肉收缩以及橄榄球联盟比赛的长时间有氧性质，运动员在运动后几天会出现疲劳。监测这种疲劳的存在和程度，以最大限度地提高表现和训练适应，是应用运动科学家的一个重要考虑因素。已经提出了几种方法来测量运动员的疲劳程度。知觉测量（例如，问卷调查）易于使用，并且对性能变化敏感。然而，应该考虑到这些措施的主观性。疲劳的血液生化标志物可能提供与疲劳相关的体内平衡紊乱的更客观测量；然而，这些措施中的许多措施的成本、所需的专业知识水平和高度变异性通常使它们无法在应用环境中使用。因此，肌肉功能的简单测量（例如，跳跃高度）和模拟性能提供了确定橄榄球运动员经历疲劳程度的最实用和适当的方法。只要知道测量的可靠性，就可以轻松确定每个疲劳测量值的有意义变化。将变异系数乘以 0.3、0.9 和 1.6 可分别用于确定小、中和大的变化。
