Tessema Fasil, Haileamlak Abraham, Muluneh Ayalew T, Alemseged Fessahaye, Woldemichael Kifle, Asefa Makonnen, Mamo Yoseph, Tamiru Solomon, Abebe Gemeda
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012 Aug;22(S):29-37.
Physical measurement reference values are helpful to manage patients, conduct surveillances and monitor and evaluate interventional activities. Such valuable data at a community level however, are almost non-existent in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine anthropometrics and blood pressure in "apparently healthy individuals" in community settings.
A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2008 to January 2009 at Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured using Automatic Blood Pressure monitor, stadiometers and digital weight scales respectively. Waist and hip circumferences were measured using measuring tapes. BMI was computed as weight in kg divided by square of height in meter of individual (kg/m(2)). Waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR) was calculated by dividing the waist circumference to hip in centimeter. Data were entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0 and STATA 11.
The mean systolic/diastolic blood pressures for men and women were 115.8/73.4 and 112.6/72.9 mmHg respectively. The mean BP values showed increasing trend with age for both sexes. The mean heart rate for men and women were 78.6 and 84.7 beats per minute, respectively. The mean weight and height values in all age groups, waist circumference value in 35 years and above were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for men, while the mean values for hip circumference in under 35 years and body mass index in under 45 year age groups were significantly higher (p < 0.025) for women. The mean body mass index for age group 15-24 (18.1 kg/m(2)) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the other age groups in men; whereas in women those 55+ years had significantly (p < 0.001) lower mean body mass index compared to the other age groups. The Waist to Hip circumference (WHC) ratio increased from 0.87 for age 15-24 years to 0.92 for those age 55 years and above. Comparison with findings in other parts of the world showed that Ethiopians (both sex) had low mean weight, waist and hip circumferences, but high body mass index.
The study showed that the physical measurement values are different from the other regions of the world. The use of other reference values in evidence based practices may result in under detection of risk groups.
身体测量参考值有助于管理患者、开展监测以及监测和评估干预活动。然而，在埃塞俄比亚，几乎不存在社区层面的此类宝贵数据。本研究的目的是确定社区环境中“看似健康个体”的人体测量学指标和血压。
2008年9月至2009年1月在埃塞俄比亚西南部的吉尔吉尔·吉贝野外研究中心进行了一项基于人群的横断面调查。分别使用自动血压监测仪、身高计和数字体重秤测量血压、身高和体重。使用卷尺测量腰围和臀围。体重指数（BMI）计算方法为个体体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方（kg/m²）。腰臀比（WHR）通过腰围（厘米）除以臀围计算得出。数据录入EpiData，并使用Windows版SPSS 16.0和STATA 11进行分析。
男性和女性的平均收缩压/舒张压分别为115.8/73.4 mmHg和112.6/72.9 mmHg。男女的平均血压值均随年龄呈上升趋势。男性和女性的平均心率分别为每分钟78.6次和84.7次。所有年龄组男性的平均体重和身高值、35岁及以上男性的腰围值均显著更高（p < 0.001），而35岁以下女性的臀围平均值和45岁以下年龄组女性的体重指数平均值显著更高（p < 0.025）。15 - 24岁年龄组男性的平均体重指数（18.1 kg/m²）显著低于其他年龄组男性（p < 0.001）；而在女性中，55岁及以上女性的平均体重指数显著低于其他年龄组（p < 0.001）。腰臀围比（WHC）从15 - 24岁年龄组的0.87增加到55岁及以上年龄组的0.92。与世界其他地区的研究结果相比，埃塞俄比亚人（男女皆是）的平均体重、腰围和臀围较低，但体重指数较高。
该研究表明，身体测量值与世界其他地区不同。在循证实践中使用其他参考值可能导致对风险群体的漏诊。
