通过互联网和移动电话激励男男性接触者进行 HIV 检测：一项定性研究。
Motivating men who have sex with men to get tested for HIV through the internet and mobile phones: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Epidemiology, STD and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054012. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
BACKGROUND
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have the highest HIV prevalence in Peru, yet they are underserved by traditional preventive programs. In Peru, the Internet and mobile phones have emerged as an effective and convenient tool to reach this population.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
From October 2010 to February 2011, we conducted eight focus groups with gay identified MSM (closeted and out-of-the-closet) and with self-identified heterosexual MSM in order to identify key features and preferences to be used to tailor culturally-appropriate messages that could be delivered through Internet and mobile phones to motivate MSM to get tested for HIV. Participants reported that in order to motivate HIV testing among MSM, interventions need to be based on motivational messages that encourage participants to overcome the fear of getting tested. Messages should increase the HIV risk perception (of participants who do not consider themselves at risk) by eliciting risky situations experienced by MSM. Messages should emphasize confidentiality, respect and the professionalism of the personnel conducting the counseling and testing. A thorough explanation of the process of HIV testing and the steps to follow after receiving the results should be provided. Messages should also contain information about the venue where the test will be conducted in terms of client characteristics, location, hours of operation and personnel. Finally, stigmatizing and stereotyping messages or images about "being gay" should not be included, as they act as deterrents for getting tested.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions aimed at motivating HIV testing among MSM should include motivational messages that reduce the fear of getting tested and increase the risk perception of participants. They should also market the venue where the testing will be conducted, the professionals who will perform the tests, and the type of tests available. Stigmatizing messages or images should be avoided.
背景
男男性行为者（MSM）是秘鲁 HIV 感染率最高的群体，但他们却得不到传统预防项目的充分服务。在秘鲁，互联网和移动电话已成为一种有效和便捷的工具，可用于接触这一人群。
方法和发现
2010 年 10 月至 2011 年 2 月，我们对同性恋确定的男男性行为者（ closeted 和 out-of-the-closet）和自我确定的异性恋男男性行为者进行了 8 次焦点小组讨论，以确定关键特征和偏好，以便定制文化上适当的信息，通过互联网和移动电话传递给男男性行为者，以激励他们接受 HIV 检测。参与者报告说，为了激励男男性行为者接受 HIV 检测，干预措施必须基于激励性信息，鼓励参与者克服接受检测的恐惧。信息应该通过引出男男性行为者经历的危险情况，增加参与者对 HIV 风险的感知（那些不认为自己有风险的人）。信息应该强调咨询和检测人员的保密性、尊重和专业性。应该详细解释 HIV 检测的过程和收到结果后需要采取的步骤。信息还应该包含关于检测地点的信息，包括客户特征、地点、营业时间和人员。最后，不应包含关于“同性恋”的污名化和刻板印象的信息或图像，因为这些信息会阻碍人们接受检测。
结论
旨在激励男男性行为者接受 HIV 检测的干预措施应包括减少接受检测恐惧和增加参与者风险感知的激励性信息。还应该宣传检测场所、进行检测的专业人员以及可用的检测类型。应避免污名化的信息或图像。
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