McMahon Emma J, Campbell Katrina L, Mudge David W, Bauer Judith D
Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia ; School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Blair Drive, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Int J Nephrol. 2012;2012:720429. doi: 10.1155/2012/720429. Epub 2012 Dec 23.
There is consistent evidence linking excessive dietary sodium intake to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in CKD patients; however, additional research is needed. In research trials and clinical practice, implementing and monitoring sodium intake present significant challenges. Epidemiological studies have shown that sodium intake remains high, and intervention studies have reported varied success with participant adherence to a sodium-restricted diet. Examining barriers to sodium restriction, as well as factors that predict adherence to a low sodium diet, can aid researchers and clinicians in implementing a sodium-restricted diet. In this paper, we critically review methods for measuring sodium intake with a specific focus on CKD patients, appraise dietary adherence, and factors that have optimized sodium restriction in key research trials and discuss barriers to sodium restriction and factors that must be considered when recommending a sodium-restricted diet.
有一致的证据表明，饮食中钠摄入过多与心血管疾病的危险因素以及慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的CKD进展相关；然而，仍需要更多的研究。在研究试验和临床实践中，实施和监测钠摄入存在重大挑战。流行病学研究表明，钠摄入量仍然很高，干预研究报告称，参与者对限钠饮食的依从性取得了不同程度的成功。研究钠限制的障碍以及预测对低钠饮食依从性的因素，可以帮助研究人员和临床医生实施限钠饮食。在本文中，我们批判性地回顾了测量钠摄入量的方法，特别关注CKD患者，评估饮食依从性以及在关键研究试验中优化钠限制的因素，并讨论钠限制的障碍以及在推荐限钠饮食时必须考虑的因素。
