Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA.
J Hypertens. 2011 Sep;29(9):1693-9. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328349ba18.
To guide resource allocation, policy makers need evidence of the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We summarized such evidence on selected interventions to reduce sodium intake that would be intended as population-wide approaches to control hypertension.
We conducted a comprehensive literature review of journal articles published in English from January 2000 to May 2010 by searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and EconLit. We selected original research articles for abstracting the evidence on cost-effectiveness of interventions, cost savings and the costs of intervention implementation.
From the 53 references obtained from the literature search, we identified 11 original research articles that provided relevant information on the medical cost savings, implementation costs, or cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce sodium intake. The interventions were low in cost, e. g., one study showed that the cost ranged from US$ 0.03 to 0.32 per person per year for awareness campaign through mass media outlets and government regulations on food products in low and middle-income countries. Population-wide interventions for salt reduction are very cost-effective such as only ARS$ 151 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) saved in Argentina, whereas statin therapy to lower high cholesterol was $ 70,994 per DALY saved. Another study showed that sodium reduction could save US$ 18 billion in annual US healthcare costs by reducing sodium intake to 2300 mg/day.
The literature provided economic evidence that was in favor of population-wide interventions designed to reduce sodium intake. Reducing the intake of sodium through such initiatives might be one of the best buys in public health. However, the small body of literature and hypothetical scenarios in most studies might limit policy implications of the findings.
为了指导资源分配，政策制定者需要有干预措施成本效益的证据。我们总结了旨在作为控制高血压的全人群方法的减少钠摄入量的干预措施的相关证据。
我们对 2000 年 1 月至 2010 年 5 月期间在英文期刊上发表的文献进行了全面的文献综述，检索了 PubMed、EMBASE、MEDLINE 和 EconLit 数据库。我们选择原始研究文章，以提取干预措施成本效益、成本节约和干预实施成本的证据。
从文献检索中获得的 53 篇参考文献中，我们确定了 11 篇原始研究文章，这些文章提供了有关减少钠摄入量的干预措施的医疗成本节约、实施成本或成本效益的相关信息。干预措施成本低，例如，一项研究表明，在中低收入国家，通过大众媒体渠道和政府对食品产品的法规进行宣传的成本为每人每年 0.03 至 0.32 美元。减少盐的全人群干预措施非常具有成本效益，例如在阿根廷，每节省一个残疾调整生命年（DALY）的成本仅为 151 阿根廷比索，而用他汀类药物降低高胆固醇的成本为每节省一个 DALY 的成本为 70,994 美元。另一项研究表明，通过将钠摄入量减少到 2300 毫克/天，每年可节省 180 亿美元的美国医疗保健费用。
文献提供了有利于旨在减少钠摄入量的全人群干预措施的经济证据。通过这些举措减少钠的摄入量可能是公共卫生领域最具成本效益的措施之一。然而，大多数研究中文献数量较少且基于假设的情况可能会限制研究结果的政策意义。
