Slaughter Robin J, Beasley D Michael G, Lambie Bruce S, Wilkins Gerard T, Schep Leo J
National Poisons Centre, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2012 Dec 14;125(1367):87-118.
New Zealand has a number of plants, both native and introduced, contact with which can lead to poisoning. The New Zealand National Poisons Centre (NZNPC) frequently receives enquiries regarding exposures to poisonous plants. Poisonous plants can cause harm following inadvertent ingestion, via skin contact, eye exposures or inhalation of sawdust or smoked plant matter.
The purpose of this article is to determine the 15 most common poisonous plant enquiries to the NZNPC and provide a review of current literature, discussing the symptoms that might arise upon exposure to these poisonous plants and the recommended medical management of such poisonings.
Call data from the NZNPC telephone collection databases regarding human plant exposures between 2003 and 2010 were analysed retrospectively. The most common plants causing human poisoning were selected as the basis for this review. An extensive literature review was also performed by systematically searching OVID MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Further information was obtained from book chapters, relevant news reports and web material.
For the years 2003-2010 inclusive, a total of 256,969 enquiries were received by the NZNPC. Of these enquiries, 11,049 involved exposures to plants and fungi. The most common poisonous plant enquiries, in decreasing order of frequency, were: black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica), kowhai (Sophora spp.), euphorbia (Euphorbia spp.), peace lily (Spathiphyllum spp.), agapanthus (Agapanthus spp.), stinking iris (Iris foetidissima), rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum), taro (Colocasia esculentum), oleander (Nerium oleander), daffodil (Narcissus spp.), hemlock (Conium maculatum), karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) and ongaonga/New Zealand tree nettle (Urtica ferox). The combined total of enquiries for these 15 species was 2754 calls (representing approximately 25% of all enquiries regarding plant exposures). The signs and symptoms resulting from poisoning from these plants are discussed. Medical treatment recommendations are made.
Poisoning following ingestion or other forms of exposures to plants in New Zealand is relatively common, particularly among children. However, serious adverse reactions are comparatively rare. Accurate plant identification and details on the type of exposure can be important in assessing the likely risks. Effective medical management of these poisonings can be achieved by following the principles outlined in this review.
新西兰有许多本土植物和外来植物，接触这些植物可能会导致中毒。新西兰国家毒物中心（NZNPC）经常收到有关接触有毒植物的咨询。有毒植物可通过意外摄入、皮肤接触、眼部接触或吸入木屑或烟熏植物物质而造成伤害。
本文旨在确定向NZNPC咨询最多的15种常见有毒植物，并对现有文献进行综述，讨论接触这些有毒植物可能出现的症状以及此类中毒的推荐医疗处理方法。
回顾性分析NZNPC电话收集数据库中2003年至2010年期间关于人类植物接触的呼叫数据。选择导致人类中毒最常见的植物作为本综述的基础。还通过系统检索OVID MEDLINE、ISI科学网、Scopus和谷歌学术进行了广泛的文献综述。从书籍章节、相关新闻报道和网络资料中获取了更多信息。
在2003年至2010年（含）期间，NZNPC共收到256,969次咨询。其中，11,049次涉及接触植物和真菌。按咨询频率从高到低排列，最常见的有毒植物咨询包括：龙葵（Solanum nigrum）、马蹄莲（Zantedeschia aethiopica）、洋槐（Sophora spp.）、大戟属植物（Euphorbia spp.）、白鹤芋（Spathiphyllum spp.）、百子莲（Agapanthus spp.）、臭鸢尾（Iris foetidissima）、大黄（Rheum rhabarbarum）、芋头（Colocasia esculentum）、夹竹桃（Nerium oleander）、水仙（Narcissus spp.）、毒芹（Conium maculatum）、卡拉卡树（Corynocarpus laevigatus）、毛地黄（Digitalis purpurea）和ongaonga/新西兰树荨麻（Urtica ferox）。这15种植物的咨询总数为2754次呼叫（约占所有植物接触咨询的25%）。讨论了这些植物中毒导致的体征和症状，并给出了医疗处理建议。
在新西兰，因摄入或其他形式接触植物而中毒相对常见，尤其是在儿童中。然而，严重不良反应相对较少。准确识别植物以及接触类型的详细信息对于评估可能的风险很重要。遵循本综述中概述的原则，可以实现对这些中毒的有效医疗处理。
