Montgomery S S, Montgomery W I
Department of Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.
Int J Parasitol. 1990 Apr;20(2):225-42. doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90105-v.
The helminths of the alimentary tract of wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, were studied at two sites over a 33-month period. Nine helminth species were recovered regularly. All but one was absent for at least 1 month. Monthly samples from these helminth communities were more similar to samples taken in the following month than to samples taken at progressively greater intervals up to a year. Helminth communities at both sites, however, had cyclical elements. Comparison of mean similarity indices for helminth faunas from 33 monthly samples and those from data sets generated by four null models suggests that observed values did not differ from a model where relative abundance of each species was determined randomly with specific maxima of abundance and species absences based on observed data. Loss of helminth species may decrease measurements of community stability based on relative abundance while persistence of abundant species increases stability. Helminth faunas in samples of A. sylvaticus from six localities taken at the same time of year at 5-year intervals indicated that some changed radically while others remained virtually unchanged. The considerable variation in helminth communities from different localities was not related to proximity or gross habitat characteristics. Nematospiroides dubius, Corrigia vitta and Capillaria murissylvatici were important in discriminating between the parasite faunas at different sites. Abundance of Syphacia stroma varied considerably between spatial surveys reflecting differences in host population dynamics in the 2 years. The present report and data from elsewhere in Ireland suggest that species composition of the helminths associated with A. sylvaticus may be stable over a wider geographical scale. There were neither strong nor consistent positive or negative interactions between pairs of helminth species. It is concluded that the stability characteristics of this parasite community, in terms of species composition and relative abundance, are the product of the population biology of independent parasite species rather than interspecific interactions. Variation in the role of competition in parasite communities is discussed.
在33个月的时间里，对两个地点的林姬鼠（Apodemus sylvaticus）消化道内的蠕虫进行了研究。定期发现了9种蠕虫。除一种外，其他所有蠕虫至少有1个月未出现。这些蠕虫群落的月度样本与下个月采集的样本比与间隔长达一年的逐步增大间隔采集的样本更为相似。然而，两个地点的蠕虫群落都有周期性元素。对33个月度样本的蠕虫动物区系的平均相似性指数与四个零模型生成的数据集的平均相似性指数进行比较，结果表明，观测值与一个模型没有差异，在该模型中，每个物种的相对丰度是根据观测数据随机确定的，具有特定的丰度最大值和物种缺失情况。蠕虫物种的消失可能会降低基于相对丰度的群落稳定性测量值，而优势物种的持续存在则会增加稳定性。在一年中同一时间每隔5年从六个地点采集的林姬鼠样本中的蠕虫动物区系表明，一些发生了根本变化，而另一些几乎没有变化。不同地点的蠕虫群落的显著差异与距离或总体栖息地特征无关。Dubius线虫、带状科里吉亚线虫和林姬鼠毛细线虫在区分不同地点的寄生虫动物区系方面很重要。在两次空间调查之间，基质双盘吸虫的丰度差异很大，反映了两年内宿主种群动态的差异。本报告以及爱尔兰其他地方的数据表明，与林姬鼠相关的蠕虫的物种组成在更广泛的地理范围内可能是稳定的。蠕虫物种对之间既没有强烈的也没有一致的正相互作用或负相互作用。得出的结论是，就物种组成和相对丰度而言，这个寄生虫群落的稳定性特征是独立寄生虫物种种群生物学的产物，而不是种间相互作用的结果。讨论了竞争在寄生虫群落中的作用变化。
