a Department of Psychology , The Pennsylvania State University.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2013;42(5):713-25. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.755926. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
This study tests key tenets of the Adaptation to Poverty-related Stress Model. This model (Wadsworth, Raviv, Santiago, & Etter, 2011 ) builds on Conger and Elder's family stress model by proposing that primary control coping and secondary control coping can help reduce the negative effects of economic strain on parental behaviors central to the family stress model, namely, parental depressive symptoms and parent-child interactions, which together can decrease child internalizing and externalizing problems. Two hundred seventy-five co-parenting couples with children between the ages of 1 and 18 participated in an evaluation of a brief family strengthening intervention, aimed at preventing economic strain's negative cascade of influence on parents, and ultimately their children. The longitudinal path model, analyzed at the couple dyad level with mothers and fathers nested within couple, showed very good fit, and was not moderated by child gender or ethnicity. Analyses revealed direct positive effects of primary control coping and secondary control coping on mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms. Decreased economic strain predicted more positive father-child interactions, whereas increased secondary control coping predicted less negative mother-child interactions. Positive parent-child interactions, along with decreased parent depression and economic strain, predicted child internalizing and externalizing over the course of 18 months. Multiple-group models analyzed separately by parent gender revealed, however, that child age moderated father effects. Findings provide support for the adaptation to poverty-related stress model and suggest that prevention and clinical interventions for families affected by poverty-related stress may be strengthened by including modules that address economic strain and efficacious strategies for coping with strain.
本研究检验了贫困相关压力适应模型的关键原则。该模型（Wadsworth、Raviv、Santiago 和 Etter，2011）在 Conger 和 Elder 的家庭压力模型基础上提出，主要控制应对和次要控制应对可以帮助减轻经济压力对父母行为的负面影响，这些行为是家庭压力模型的核心，即父母的抑郁症状和亲子互动，这两者共同减少儿童的内化和外化问题。275 对共同养育的父母和他们 1 至 18 岁的孩子参加了一项短暂的家庭强化干预评估，旨在预防经济压力对父母，最终对其子女的负面连锁影响。在夫妻层面上以母亲和父亲为嵌套的夫妻对进行分析的纵向路径模型拟合度非常好，且不受孩子性别或种族的影响。分析表明，主要控制应对和次要控制应对对母亲和父亲的抑郁症状有直接的积极影响。经济压力的减少预测了父亲与孩子之间更积极的互动，而次级控制应对的增加则预测了母亲与孩子之间更少的负面互动。积极的亲子互动，以及父母抑郁和经济压力的减少，预示着孩子在 18 个月内的内化和外化问题。然而，按父母性别分别分析的多组模型表明，孩子的年龄会调节父亲的影响。研究结果为贫困相关压力适应模型提供了支持，并表明针对贫困相关压力影响的家庭的预防和临床干预措施可以通过包括解决经济压力和应对压力的有效策略的模块来得到加强。
