Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2012 May;25(3):239-58. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.583347. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
This study tested how poverty-related stress (PRS), psychological distress, and responses to stress predicted future effortful coping and involuntary stress responses one year later. In addition, we explored age, sex, ethnicity, and parental influences on responses to stress over time. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses conducted with 98 low-income families (300 family members: 136 adults, 82 school-aged children, 82 adolescents) revealed that primary control coping, secondary control coping, disengagement, involuntary engagement, and involuntary disengagement each significantly predicted future use of that response. Primary and secondary control coping also predicted less maladaptive future responses to stress, while involuntary responses to stress undermined the development of adaptive responding. Age, sex, and interactions among PRS and prior coping were also found to predict certain responses to stress. In addition, child subgroup analyses demonstrate the importance of parental modeling of coping and involuntary stress responses, and warmth/nurturance and monitoring practices. Results are discussed with regard to the implications for preventive interventions with families in poverty.
本研究旨在测试贫困相关压力（PRS）、心理困扰以及对压力的反应如何预测未来一年的努力应对和非自愿应激反应。此外，我们还探讨了年龄、性别、种族以及父母对随时间变化的应激反应的影响。对 98 个低收入家庭（300 名家庭成员：136 名成年人、82 名学龄儿童、82 名青少年）进行的分层线性建模分析表明，主要控制应对、次要控制应对、脱离、非自愿参与和非自愿脱离均显著预测未来对该反应的使用。主要和次要控制应对也预示着未来对压力的适应反应减少，而对压力的非自愿反应则破坏了适应反应的发展。年龄、性别以及 PRS 和先前应对之间的相互作用也被发现可以预测某些应激反应。此外，儿童亚组分析表明，父母应对和非自愿应激反应的模式以及温暖/养育和监控实践的重要性。结果与针对贫困家庭的预防干预的意义有关。
