Department of Psychology, University of Denver, CO 80208, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(4):646-57. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2011.581622.
This study tested the Adaptation to Poverty-related Stress Model and its proposed relations between poverty-related stress, effortful and involuntary stress responses, and symptoms of psychopathology in an ethnically diverse sample of low-income children and their parents. Prospective Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses conducted with 98 families (300 family members: 136 adults, 82 adolescents and preadolescents, 82 school-age children) revealed that, consistent with the model, primary and secondary control coping were protective against poverty-related stress primarily for internalizing symptoms. Conversely, disengagement coping exacerbated externalizing symptoms over time. In addition, involuntary engagement stress responses exacerbated the effects of poverty-related stress for internalizing symptoms, whereas involuntary disengagement responses exacerbated externalizing symptoms. Age and gender effects were found in most models, reflecting more symptoms of both types for parents than children and higher levels of internalizing symptoms for girls.
本研究检验了贫困相关压力适应模型及其关于贫困相关压力、努力和非自愿压力反应与精神病理学症状之间关系的假设，该研究的受试对象为来自不同种族、收入较低的儿童及其父母。通过对 98 个家庭（300 名家庭成员：136 名成人、82 名青少年和青春期前儿童、82 名学龄儿童）进行前瞻性分层线性建模分析，结果表明，与模型一致，主要和次要控制应对方式对减轻与贫困相关的压力具有保护作用，主要针对的是内化症状。相反，非自愿参与压力反应会随着时间的推移加剧外化症状。此外，非自愿参与压力反应会加剧与贫困相关的压力对内化症状的影响，而非自愿脱离压力反应则会加剧外化症状。在大多数模型中都发现了年龄和性别效应，这反映出父母比孩子表现出更多的两种类型的症状，女孩的内化症状水平更高。
