Muse Epaphras A, Karimuribo Esron D, Gitao George C, Misinzo Gerald, Mellau Lesakit S B, Msoffe Peter L M, Swai Emmanuel S, Albano Mbyuzi O
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012 Jun 20;79(2):457. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i2.457.
A study was carried out to confirm and identify sources and elucidate factors associated with the introduction of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in southern Tanzania. This study was conducted in Tandahimba and Newala districts of Mtwara region following suspected outbreak of PPR in the area. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews of key informants who included goat and sheep owners with suspected cases of PPR and animal health service providers as well as local administrative authority. Additionally, 216 serum samples and 28 swabs were collected for serological and virological laboratory disease confirmation. The results show that PPR was first introduced in Likuna village of Newala district in February 2009 through newly purchased goats from the Pugu livestock market located about 700 km in the outskirts of Dar es Salaam city. Factors which contributed to spread of PPR included communal grazing and the cheap prices of sick animals bought by livestock keepers for slaughtering in other villages. Laboratory findings confirmed presence of PPR in the area by RT-PCR and serological analysis revealed that seroprevalence was 31%. These findings have confirmed, for the first time, introduction of PPR in southern Tanzania. The presence of PPR poses high risk of southward spread of the disease to other southern African countries in the SADC region thus calling for concerted and collaborative efforts in prevention and control of the disease to avoid losses. Further elaborate studies on the spread, prevalence and risk factors associated with the disease should urgently be investigated.
开展了一项研究，以确认和查明坦桑尼亚南部小反刍兽疫（PPR）的传入源头并阐明相关因素。该研究在姆特瓦拉地区的坦达欣巴和纽瓦拉区进行，此前该地区疑似暴发了小反刍兽疫。通过半结构化问卷收集定性数据，并对关键信息提供者进行深入访谈，这些信息提供者包括疑似感染小反刍兽疫的山羊和绵羊养殖户、动物卫生服务提供者以及当地行政当局。此外，还采集了216份血清样本和28份拭子样本，用于疾病的血清学和病毒学实验室确诊。结果显示，2009年2月，小反刍兽疫通过从位于达累斯萨拉姆市郊区约700公里处的普古牲畜市场新购买的山羊首次传入纽瓦拉区的利库纳村。导致小反刍兽疫传播的因素包括 communal grazing（此处 communal grazing 未翻译完整，可能是“ communal grazing”，意为“公共放牧”）以及养殖户购买生病动物在其他村庄屠宰的低廉价格。实验室检测结果通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）证实该地区存在小反刍兽疫，血清学分析显示血清阳性率为31%（此处 seroprevalence 翻译为“血清阳性率”）。这些发现首次证实了小反刍兽疫在坦桑尼亚南部的传入。小反刍兽疫的存在使该疾病向南传播至南部非洲发展共同体（SADC）地区其他国家的风险很高，因此需要在疾病预防和控制方面做出协调一致的合作努力，以避免损失。应立即对与该疾病相关的传播、流行情况和风险因素进行进一步详细研究。 （注：原文中 communal grazing 表述不完整，可能影响准确理解，正常应是完整词汇。）
