Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):316-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1226817.
Although invasive plant species often reduce diversity, they rarely cause plant extinctions. We surveyed paired invaded and uninvaded plant communities from three biomes. We reconcile the discrepancy in diversity loss from invaders by showing that invaded communities have lower local richness but steeper species accumulation with area than that of uninvaded communities, leading to proportionately fewer species loss at broader spatial scales. We show that invaders drive scale-dependent biodiversity loss through strong neutral sampling effects on the number of individuals in a community. We also show that nonneutral species extirpations are due to a proportionately larger effect of invaders on common species, suggesting that rare species are buffered against extinction. Our study provides a synthetic perspective on the threat of invasions to biodiversity loss across spatial scales.
尽管入侵植物物种通常会降低多样性，但它们很少导致植物灭绝。我们调查了来自三个生物群落的成对的入侵和未入侵的植物群落。我们通过表明入侵群落的局部丰富度较低，但与未入侵群落相比，物种随面积的积累更陡峭，从而调和了入侵物种造成的多样性损失的差异，这导致在更广泛的空间尺度上物种损失的比例相对较小。我们表明，入侵物种通过对群落中个体数量的强烈中性抽样效应，导致了尺度依赖性的生物多样性损失。我们还表明，非中性物种灭绝是由于入侵物种对常见物种的影响比例更大，这表明稀有物种免受灭绝的影响。我们的研究提供了一个综合的视角，说明了入侵对跨空间尺度的生物多样性丧失的威胁。
