Fan Andy, Byrnes Samantha, Klapperich Catherine
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2013;949:403-11. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-134-9_25.
Often, modern diagnostic techniques require the isolation and purification of nucleic acids directly from patient samples such as blood or stool. Many diagnostic tests are being miniaturized onto micro-sized platforms and integrated into microfluidic devices due to the economies resulting from smaller sample and reagent volumes. Often, these devices perform sample preparation in series with the diagnostic tests. The sample preparation steps are vital in order to purify the desired genetic material from potential inhibitors that can interfere with the outcome of the test. There are various techniques used to selectively capture the nucleic acids while washing away potential contamination (proteins, enzymes, lipids, etc.). Two of the most common forms of selective capture are based on nucleic acid binding to silica surface or on the precipitation of nucleic acids with or without the presence of a carrier species. Each of these methods can be performed in liquid phase or in a solid support such as an extraction column. Here we discuss both methods and address microfluidic applications.
通常，现代诊断技术需要直接从血液或粪便等患者样本中分离和纯化核酸。由于较小的样本和试剂体积带来的经济性，许多诊断测试正被小型化到微型平台上，并集成到微流控设备中。这些设备通常会将样本制备与诊断测试串联进行。样本制备步骤对于从可能干扰测试结果的潜在抑制剂中纯化所需的遗传物质至关重要。有多种技术可用于选择性捕获核酸，同时洗去潜在污染物（蛋白质、酶、脂质等）。两种最常见的选择性捕获形式是基于核酸与二氧化硅表面的结合，或基于在有或没有载体物种存在的情况下核酸的沉淀。这些方法中的每一种都可以在液相中或在诸如提取柱的固体支持物中进行。在这里，我们将讨论这两种方法并探讨微流控应用。
