The Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Br J Dermatol. 2013 Mar;168(3):602-8. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12181. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is recognized as the principal cause of skin cancer. Moreover, sunbeds have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Despite this, there is a shortage of objective data on UV exposure levels in sunbeds in England.
We set out to measure UV emission levels in sunbeds at sites around England, and to compare these levels with both current standards and natural sunlight.
Between October 2010 and February 2011, UV spectra were measured on site from a total of 402 artificial tanning units in England. Measurement instrumentation was calibrated, traceable to the National Physical Laboratory. Compliance with the relevant British and European standard was determined, and a skin-cancer weighting factor was used to compare the carcinogenic potential of sunbeds with that of sunlight.
For compliance with the European standard, erythemal-effective irradiance should not exceed 0·3 W m(-2). The values that we measured ranged between 0·10 and 1·32 W m(-2) with a mean of 0·56 ± 0·21 W m(-2) . Only 10% of sunbeds surveyed were within the recommended limit. Application of the skin-cancer weighting factor produced values that varied from 0·17 to 2·52 W m(-2) with a mean of 0·99 ± 0·41 W m(-2). The comparable value for Mediterranean noon day sun was 0·43 W m .
Nine out of 10 sunbeds surveyed throughout England emitted levels of UV radiation that exceed the maximum levels contained within the European standard. Moreover, the skin cancer risk for comparable times of exposure was up to six times higher than that for Mediterranean sunlight. This situation is unacceptable and stricter control measures must be put in place.
阳光中的紫外线（UV）辐射已被确认为皮肤癌的主要成因。此外，太阳灯已被国际癌症研究机构（International Agency for Research on Cancer）列为致癌物质。尽管如此，英国太阳灯的紫外线照射水平仍缺乏客观数据。
我们旨在测量英国各地太阳灯的紫外线发射水平，并将这些水平与现行标准和自然阳光进行比较。
在 2010 年 10 月至 2011 年 2 月期间，我们在英国共对 402 个人工晒黑设备进行了现场紫外线光谱测量。测量仪器经过校准，可溯源至国家物理实验室（National Physical Laboratory）。我们根据相关英国和欧洲标准来确定合规情况，并使用皮肤癌加权系数来比较太阳灯与阳光的致癌潜力。
为符合欧洲标准，红斑有效辐照度不应超过 0·3 W m(-2)。我们测量的数值范围在 0·10 至 1·32 W m(-2)之间，平均值为 0·56 ± 0·21 W m(-2)。只有 10%的太阳灯在建议的限制范围内。应用皮肤癌加权系数后，数值范围在 0·17 至 2·52 W m(-2)之间，平均值为 0·99 ± 0·41 W m(-2)。地中海正午阳光的可比数值为 0·43 W m(-2)。
在英国各地进行的调查中，90%的太阳灯发出的紫外线辐射水平超过了欧洲标准规定的最高水平。此外，可比暴露时间的皮肤癌风险比地中海阳光高出六倍。这种情况是不可接受的，必须采取更严格的控制措施。
