Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Mar 6;61(9):2130-9. doi: 10.1021/jf3040463. Epub 2013 Feb 25.
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the conditions for quercetin (QT) nanoemulsion preparations. The parameters to produce stable coarse emulsion formulations, which contain limonene oil, emulsifiers consisting of a Tween 80 and Span 20 mixture (1:1 weight ratio), and a water phase, using high-speed homogenization were identified by using the pseudoternary phase diagram. Subsequently, QT loading was kept constant (0.25%, w/w), and the effects of the oil (10-20%, w/w) and emulsifier (5-15%, w/w) concentrations as well as the homogenization pressure (52-187 MPa) on the particle sizes and emulsion stability were investigated. Experimental data could be adequately fit into a second-order polynomial model with a multiple regression coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9171 for the particle size. R(2) values were found to be 0.8545 for the droplet growth ratio during storage and 0.7795 for QT stability. According to the model, major factors affecting particle sizes include the pressure, emulsifier and oil concentrations, and interaction between pressure and oil concentration. The pressure, oil concentration, and interaction terms between the emulsifier and oil concentrations as well as between the pressure and emulsifier concentration had a significant impact on the droplet growth ratio. Regarding the quercetin stability in nanoemulsions, only the oil concentration and interaction term between the oil and emulsifier concentrations had a significant effect. Optimum formulation and conditions for minimum particle size and the highest stability were found at 13% mixed emulsifiers, 17% oil content, and 70 MPa homogenization pressure. This study also suggested that the loading of QT in nanoemulsions could significantly affect the particle sizes and the stability of emulsions depending on the oil:emulsifier ratio in the system.
响应面法被用于优化槲皮素（QT）纳米乳制剂的条件。使用伪三元相图确定了使用高速匀浆生产包含柠檬烯油、由吐温 80 和司盘 20 混合物（1:1 重量比）组成的乳化剂和水相的稳定粗乳剂配方的参数。随后，将 QT 负载保持恒定（0.25%，w/w），并研究了油（10-20%，w/w）和乳化剂（5-15%，w/w）浓度以及匀浆压力（52-187 MPa）对粒径和乳液稳定性的影响。实验数据可以通过二次多项式模型进行充分拟合，粒径的多元回归系数（R(2)）为 0.9171。在储存期间的液滴生长比和 QT 稳定性的 R(2)值分别为 0.8545 和 0.7795。根据模型，影响粒径的主要因素包括压力、乳化剂和油浓度以及压力和油浓度之间的相互作用。压力、油浓度以及乳化剂和油浓度之间以及压力和乳化剂浓度之间的相互作用项对液滴生长比有显著影响。关于槲皮素在纳米乳液中的稳定性，只有油浓度和油与乳化剂浓度之间的相互作用项有显著影响。在 13%混合乳化剂、17%油含量和 70 MPa 匀浆压力下，可获得最小粒径和最高稳定性的最佳配方和条件。本研究还表明，QT 的负载量可显著影响粒径和乳液的稳定性，这取决于系统中的油：乳化剂比。
