Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1 Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Nov;37(9 Pt A):1999-2014. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.018. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
Susceptibility to addictive behaviors has been related to both increases and decreases in striatal function. Both profiles have been reported in humans as well as in animal models. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these opposing effects and the manner in which they relate to the behavioral development and expression of addiction remain unclear. In the present review of human studies, we describe a number of factors that could influence whether striatal hyper- or hypo-function is observed and propose a model that integrates the influence of these opposite responses on the expression of addiction related behaviors. Central to this model is the role played by the presence versus absence of addiction related cues and their ability to regulate responding to abused drugs and other rewards. Striatal function and incentive motivational states are increased in the presence of these cues and decreased in their absence. Alternations between these states might account for the progressive narrowing of interests as addictions develop and point to relevant processes to target in treatment.
易成瘾行为的易感性与纹状体功能的增加和减少都有关系。这两种情况在人类和动物模型中都有报道。然而，这些相反作用的机制以及它们与成瘾的行为发展和表现的关系尚不清楚。在本综述中，我们描述了一些可能影响观察到纹状体功能亢进或功能低下的因素，并提出了一个整合这些相反反应对成瘾相关行为表达影响的模型。该模型的核心是与成瘾相关的线索的存在与否及其调节对滥用药物和其他奖励的反应的能力。在这些线索存在的情况下，纹状体功能和激励动机状态会增加，而在其不存在的情况下则会减少。这些状态之间的交替可能是成瘾发展过程中兴趣逐渐缩小的原因，并指出了治疗中需要针对的相关过程。
