School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Jul;20(7):5036-46. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1481-8. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
Dynamics of livestock and poultry manure nutrient was analyzed at a provincial scale from 2002 to 2008. The nutrient capacity of 18 kinds of croplands and grasslands to assimilate nutrients was assessed in the same temporal-spatial scale. Manure nitrogen (N) had increased from 5.111 to 6.228 million tons (MT), while manure phosphorus (P) increased from 1.382 to 1.607 MT. Manure N and P share similar spatial patterns of yields, but proportion of specialized livestock husbandry and contribution of leading livestock categories (swine, cattle, cow, sheep, layer chicken, broiler chicken) were different. The nutrients generated from dominant seven provinces took more than about half of total manure N in China. After subtracting the chemical fertilizers, there were some manure nutrient capacities in western part of China. Risk analysis of manure nutrient pollution overload in eastern and southern parts of China was serious, which should restrict livestock's developments. Amount of chemical fertilizers applied should be reduced to make room for manure nutrients. For the sake of greenhouse effects, the emission of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (NO x ) emissions in China is serious for the global change, thus merits further statistics and studies. The spatial and temporal pattern of Chinese manure nutrient pollution from livestock and the assimilation capacity of cropland and grassland can provide useful information for policy development on Chinese soil environment and livestock.
从 2002 年到 2008 年，在省级范围内分析了畜禽粪便养分的动态变化。在相同的时-空尺度上，评估了 18 种耕地和草地吸收养分的能力。粪便氮（N）从 511.1 万吨增加到 622.8 万吨，而粪便磷（P）从 138.2 万吨增加到 160.7 万吨。粪便 N 和 P 具有相似的产量空间分布模式，但专业化畜牧业的比例和主要畜类（猪、牛、奶牛、绵羊、蛋鸡、肉鸡）的贡献不同。来自主导七个省份的养分产生量超过了中国总粪便 N 的一半。扣除化肥后，中国西部地区仍有一定的粪便养分容量。中国东部和南部地区的粪便养分污染过载风险分析严重，应限制畜牧业的发展。为了减少温室效应，应减少化肥的施用量，为粪便养分腾出空间。由于甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（NOx）排放对全球变化的影响，中国的排放量严重，因此值得进一步统计和研究。中国畜禽粪便养分污染的时空格局和耕地、草地的同化能力为中国土壤环境和畜牧业的政策制定提供了有用的信息。
