Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, USA.
Am J Nurs. 2013 Feb;113(2):34-43; quiz 44. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000426688.96330.60.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States. It's estimated that more than 13 million U.S. adults have COPD, and as many as 24 million have evidence of impaired lung function, suggesting that COPD is underdiagnosed. Even when patients receive optimal COPD therapy, they periodically experience exacerbations, which reduce lung function and quality of life, increase risk of death from COPD, and account for the majority of costs related to COPD treatment. This article, the second in a two-part series on COPD, outlines current guidelines and evidence-based recommendations for identifying, assessing, and managing COPD exacerbations (the first article in the series, "An Evidence-Based Approach to COPD," March 2012, focused on the management of stable COPD in the outpatient setting).
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是美国的第三大致死原因。据估计，超过 1300 万美国成年人患有 COPD，多达 2400 万人有肺功能受损的证据，这表明 COPD 的诊断不足。即使患者接受了最佳的 COPD 治疗，他们仍会周期性地出现恶化，这会降低肺功能和生活质量，增加因 COPD 死亡的风险，并导致与 COPD 治疗相关的大部分费用。本文是 COPD 两部分系列的第二部分，概述了用于识别、评估和管理 COPD 恶化的当前指南和基于证据的建议（该系列的第一篇文章，“COPD 的循证方法”，2012 年 3 月，重点关注门诊环境中稳定型 COPD 的管理）。
