Department of Biological Sciences and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3131, USA.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2013 Oct;39(5):1115-28. doi: 10.1007/s10695-012-9768-0. Epub 2013 Jan 19.
Little is known about the effects of brominated flame retardants in teleosts and some of the information currently available is inconsistent. This study examined effects of dietary exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on thyroid condition, body mass and size, and gonadal development of zebrafish. Pubertal, 49-day-old (posthatch) fish were fed diets without BDE-47 (control) or with 1, 5 or 25 μg/g BDE-47/diet. Treatments were conducted in triplicate 30-L tanks each containing 50 zebrafish, and 15 fish per treatment (5 per tank) were sampled at days 40, 80 and 120 of exposure. Measurements were taken of body mass, standard length, head depth and head length. Sex (at 40-120 days of exposure), germ cell stage (at 40 days) and thyroid condition (at 120 days; follicular cell height, colloid depletion, angiogenesis) were histologically determined. Whole-body BDE-47 levels at study completion were within the high end of levels reported in environmentally exposed (wild) fishes. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences among treatments at each sampling time. No effects were observed on thyroid condition or germ cell stage in either sex. Reduced head length was observed in females exposed to BDE-47 at 80 days but not at 40 or 120 days. In males, no apparent effects of BDE-47 were observed at 40 and 80 days, but fish exposed to 25 μg/g had lower body mass at 120 days compared to control fish. These observations suggest that BDE-47 at environmentally relevant whole-body concentrations does not affect thyroid condition or pubertal development of zebrafish but does affect growth during the juvenile-to-adult transition, especially in males.
关于溴化阻燃剂在硬骨鱼类中的作用知之甚少，目前的一些信息也不一致。本研究探讨了经口暴露于 2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚（BDE-47）对斑马鱼甲状腺状况、体重和体型以及性腺发育的影响。处于青春期的 49 天大（孵化后）的鱼喂食不含 BDE-47（对照）或含 1、5 或 25μg/g BDE-47/饮食的饮食。处理在每个含有 50 条斑马鱼的 30-L 罐中进行三重复，每个处理（每个罐 5 个）在暴露的第 40、80 和 120 天取样。测量体重、标准长度、头深和头长。在 40-120 天暴露期间测量性别（在 40-120 天暴露期间）、生殖细胞阶段（在 40 天）和甲状腺状况（在 120 天；滤泡细胞高度、胶体耗竭、血管生成）。研究结束时，全身 BDE-47 水平处于环境暴露（野生）鱼类中报告的高水平范围内。方差分析用于确定每个采样时间处理之间的差异。在两性中均未观察到甲状腺状况或生殖细胞阶段的影响。在 80 天暴露于 BDE-47 的雌性中观察到头长降低，但在 40 天或 120 天未观察到头长降低。在雄性中，在 40 天和 80 天未观察到 BDE-47 的明显影响，但暴露于 25μg/g 的鱼在 120 天的体重低于对照鱼。这些观察结果表明，在环境相关的全身浓度下，BDE-47 不会影响斑马鱼的甲状腺状况或青春期发育，但会影响从幼鱼到成鱼过渡期间的生长，尤其是在雄性中。
