Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2013 Aug;39(5):458-84. doi: 10.1111/nan.12020.
Vitamin D and its metabolites have pleomorphic roles in both nervous system health and disease. Animal models have been paramount in contributing to our knowledge and understanding of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency on brain development and its implications for adult psychiatric and neurological diseases. The conflation of in vitro, ex vivo, and animal model data provide compelling evidence that vitamin D has a crucial role in proliferation, differentiation, neurotrophism, neuroprotection, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. Vitamin D exerts its biological function not only by influencing cellular processes directly, but also by influencing gene expression through vitamin D response elements. This review highlights the epidemiological, neuropathological, experimental and molecular genetic evidence implicating vitamin D as a candidate in influencing susceptibility to a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases. The strength of evidence varies for schizophrenia, autism, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and is especially strong for multiple sclerosis.
维生素 D 及其代谢物在神经系统的健康和疾病中具有多种作用。动物模型在增进我们对维生素 D 缺乏对大脑发育的影响及其对成人精神和神经疾病的意义的认识和理解方面发挥了至关重要的作用。将体外、离体和动物模型数据结合起来，提供了令人信服的证据，证明维生素 D 在增殖、分化、神经营养、神经保护、神经传递和神经可塑性方面发挥着关键作用。维生素 D 通过直接影响细胞过程，也通过维生素 D 反应元件影响基因表达来发挥其生物学功能。这篇综述强调了流行病学、神经病理学、实验和分子遗传学证据，表明维生素 D 是影响多种精神和神经疾病易感性的候选因素。证据的强度因精神分裂症、自闭症、帕金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、阿尔茨海默病而有所不同，而在多发性硬化症方面的证据尤其充分。
