MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, iMinds-IBiTech, Ghent, Belgium.
Phys Med Biol. 2013 Feb 21;58(4):859-85. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/4/859. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
In single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), multi-pinhole collimation is often employed nowadays. Most multi-pinhole collimators avoid overlap (multiplexing) of the projections on the detector. This can be done by using additional shielding or by spacing the pinholes far enough apart. Using additional shielding has the drawback that it increases weight, design complexity and cost. Spacing the pinholes far enough apart results in sub-optimal detector usage, the valuable detector area is not entirely used. This is due to the circular projections of pinholes on the detector; these ellipses can not be tiled with high detector coverage. To overcome this we designed a new pinhole geometry, the lofthole, that has a rectangular projection on the detector. The lofthole has a circular aperture and a rectangular entrance/exit opening. Sensitivity formulae have been derived for pinholes and loftholes. These formulae take the penumbra effect into account; the proposed formulae do not take penetration into account. The derived formulae are valid for geometries where the field-of-view and the sensitivity of the aperture are solely limited by the exit window. A flood map measurement was performed to compare the rectangular projection of a lofthole with the circular projection of a pinhole. Finally, measurements were done to compare the amount of penetration of pinholes with the amount of penetration of a lofthole. A square lofthole collimator has less penetration than a knife-edge pinhole collimator that irradiates the same rectangular detector area with full coverage. A multi-lofthole collimator allows high detector coverage without using additional shielding. An additional advantage is the lower amount of penetration.
在单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)中,现在通常采用多针孔准直器。大多数多针孔准直器避免在探测器上的投影重叠(复用)。这可以通过使用额外的屏蔽或使针孔之间的距离足够远来实现。使用额外的屏蔽有增加重量、设计复杂性和成本的缺点。使针孔之间的距离足够远会导致探测器的使用效果不理想,宝贵的探测器区域没有被完全利用。这是由于针孔在探测器上的圆形投影造成的;这些椭圆不能以高探测器覆盖率进行平铺。为了克服这个问题,我们设计了一种新的针孔几何形状,即 loft 孔,它在探测器上有一个矩形投影。loft 孔有一个圆形孔径和一个矩形入口/出口开口。已经推导出了用于针孔和 loft 孔的灵敏度公式。这些公式考虑了半影效应;提出的公式不考虑穿透。推导的公式适用于视场和孔径灵敏度仅受出口窗限制的几何形状。进行了洪水图测量以比较 loft 孔的矩形投影和针孔的圆形投影。最后,进行了测量以比较针孔的穿透量和 loft 孔的穿透量。方形 loft 孔准直器的穿透量小于具有全覆盖的相同矩形探测器区域的刀刃针孔准直器的穿透量。多 loft 孔准直器允许在不使用额外屏蔽的情况下实现高探测器覆盖率。一个额外的优点是穿透量较低。