Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2013 Feb;6(2):85-94. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60001-2.
Malaria is an intra-cellular parasitic protozoon responsible for millions of deaths annually. Host and parasite genetic factors are crucial in affecting susceptibility to malaria and progression of the disease. Recent increased deployment of vector controls and new artemisinin combination therapies have dramatically reduced the mortality and morbidity of malaria worldwide. However, the gradual emergence of parasite and mosquito resistance has raised alarm regarding the effectiveness of current artemisinin-based therapies. In this review, mechanisms of anti-malarial drug resistance in the Plasmodium parasite and new genetically engineered tools of research priorities are discussed. The complexity of the parasite lifecycle demands novel interventions to achieve global eradication. However, turning laboratory discovered transgenic interventions into functional products entails multiple experimental phases in addition to ethical and safety hurdles. Uncertainty over the regulatory status and public acceptance further discourage the implementation of genetically modified organisms.
疟疾是一种细胞内寄生的原生动物，每年导致数百万人死亡。宿主和寄生虫的遗传因素在影响疟疾的易感性和疾病的进展方面起着至关重要的作用。最近，病媒控制措施的广泛应用和新的青蒿素联合疗法极大地降低了全球疟疾的死亡率和发病率。然而，寄生虫和蚊子抗药性的逐渐出现引起了人们对当前基于青蒿素疗法有效性的担忧。在这篇综述中，讨论了疟原虫对抗疟药物耐药性的机制和新的基因工程研究重点工具。寄生虫生命周期的复杂性要求采取新的干预措施来实现全球根除。然而，将实验室发现的转基因干预措施转化为功能性产品需要除了伦理和安全障碍之外的多个实验阶段。对监管状况和公众接受程度的不确定性进一步阻碍了转基因生物的实施。
