Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability, University of Vienna, Austria.
Mutagenesis. 2013 Mar;28(2):205-11. doi: 10.1093/mutage/ges073. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Recent studies suggest increased cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with healthy individuals. The present study aims to assess whether T2DM is associated with increased genome instability and whether a healthy diet with natural foods can improve genome stability in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Seventy-six diabetic and 21 non-diabetic individuals were randomly assigned to either an 'intervention' or an 'information only' group. All participants received information about the beneficial effects of a healthy diet, while subjects of the intervention group received additionally 300g of vegetables and 25ml of plant oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids per day for 8 weeks. Chromosomal damage was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) cytome assay. Levels of chromosomal damage did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. However, diabetic individuals with MN frequency above the high 50th percentile had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and were at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), assessed by the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score. Non-diabetic individuals with MN frequency above the 50th percentile had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels. The intervention with vegetables and plant oil led to significant increases in folate, γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene while vitamin B12 was significantly reduced. Levels of chromosomal damage were not altered, only apoptosis was slightly increased. The results suggest interactions between glycaemic control, CVD risk and genome stability in individuals with T2DM. However, a healthy diet does not improve genome damage in PBLs.
最近的研究表明，与健康个体相比，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的癌症风险增加。本研究旨在评估 T2DM 是否与基因组不稳定性增加有关，以及天然食物的健康饮食是否可以改善外周血淋巴细胞（PBL）的基因组稳定性。76 名糖尿病患者和 21 名非糖尿病患者被随机分配到“干预”或“仅信息”组。所有参与者都收到了有关健康饮食有益影响的信息，而干预组的受试者每天还额外接受 300 克蔬菜和 25 毫升富含多不饱和脂肪酸的植物油，持续 8 周。使用细胞有丝分裂阻断微核（MN）细胞测定法评估染色体损伤。糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者之间的染色体损伤水平没有差异。然而，MN 频率高于第 50 个百分位的糖尿病患者的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平显著升高，并且根据弗雷明汉心血管疾病总体风险评分，心血管疾病（CVD）风险更高。MN 频率高于第 50 个百分位的非糖尿病患者的维生素 B12 水平显著降低。蔬菜和植物油的干预导致叶酸、γ-生育酚、α-和β-胡萝卜素水平显著增加，而维生素 B12 水平显著降低。染色体损伤水平没有改变，只有凋亡略有增加。结果表明，2 型糖尿病患者的血糖控制、CVD 风险和基因组稳定性之间存在相互作用。然而，健康饮食并不能改善 PBL 中的基因组损伤。
