Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Histopathologic and flow cytometric analysis with clinical correlation.

Ten granulosa cell tumors of the ovary were investigated using clinicopathologic and flow cytometric parameters. Three of the patients had recurrent or metastatic lesions 3 to 9 years after resection of the primary ovarian tumor. These three cases demonstrated diploidy in both the primary tumor and metastatic or recurrent lesions. Among the seven cases without recurrence, five had diploid DNA indexes. One case was characterized by a high degree of cytologic atypia and tetraploidy (DNA index, 1.98); this patient died of metastatic breast cancer 4 years after resection of the ovarian tumor. Another case demonstrated a high mitotic rate and exhibited aneuploidy (DNA index, 1.33); this woman was alive and well at 5 years of follow-up. In this study, no correlation was found between the recurrence rate and ploidy but, in view of the small numbers and limited follow-up, we cannot definitively analyze these prognostic factors. It does not appear feasible to predict the clinical course of granulosa cell tumors by DNA flow cytometry. However, it can be concluded that: (1) most granulosa cell tumors have diploid DNA content and (2) DNA ploidy correlates well with histologic factors, such as cellular anaplasia and high mitotic activity, which may have predictive prognostic value for granulosa cell tumors.