Arrigoni Elena, de Girolamo Laura, Di Giancamillo Alessia, Stanco Deborah, Dellavia Claudia, Carnelli Davide, Campagnol Marino, Domeneghini Cinzia, Brini Anna T
Department of Biomedical, Surgical, Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
J Orthop Sci. 2013 Mar;18(2):331-9. doi: 10.1007/s00776-012-0349-y. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
In the last few years, several attempts have been made to treat large bone loss, including the use of tissue engineering with osteoinductive scaffolds and cells. This study highlights the role of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ASCs; adipose-derived stem cells) in a rabbit bone regeneration model.
We compared the neoformed bone tissues achieved by treating critical tibial defects with either hydroxyapatite alone (HA, group I) or hydroxyapatite-autologous ASC constructs (ASCs-HA, group II), investigating their histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and biomechanical properties.
After eight weeks of follow-up, we observed advanced maturation and a spatial distribution of new bone that was more homogeneous in the inner parts of the pores in group II, not just along the walls (as seen in group I). The new tissue expressed osteogenic markers, and biomechanical tests suggested that the newly formed bone in group II had a higher mineral content than that in group I. Although variability in differentiation was observed among the different cell populations in vitro, no differences in bone healing were observed in vivo; the variability seen in vitro was probably due to local microenvironment effects.
Tibial defects treated with rabbit ASCs-HA showed an improved healing process when compared to the process that occurred when only the scaffold was used. We suggest that implanted ASCs ameliorate the bone reparative process either directly or by recruiting resident progenitor cells.
在过去几年中，人们进行了多种治疗大面积骨缺损的尝试，包括使用具有骨诱导作用的支架和细胞的组织工程方法。本研究着重探讨了脂肪组织间充质干细胞（ASC；脂肪来源干细胞）在兔骨再生模型中的作用。
我们比较了单独使用羟基磷灰石（HA，第I组）或羟基磷灰石-自体ASC构建体（ASCs-HA，第II组）治疗兔胫骨关键缺损所形成的新生骨组织，研究其组织形态计量学、免疫组织化学和生物力学特性。
随访8周后，我们观察到第II组新生骨的成熟度更高，且在孔隙内部新骨的空间分布更均匀，而不仅仅是沿孔壁分布（如第I组所示）。新组织表达成骨标志物，生物力学测试表明第II组新形成的骨矿物质含量高于第I组。尽管体外不同细胞群体间观察到分化存在差异，但体内未观察到骨愈合存在差异；体外观察到的差异可能是由于局部微环境效应所致。
与仅使用支架时的情况相比，用兔ASCs-HA治疗的胫骨缺损显示出愈合过程得到改善。我们认为植入的ASC可直接或通过募集驻留祖细胞改善骨修复过程。
