Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Apr;91(4):1707-18. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5648. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Probiotics have been shown to have positive effects on growth performance traits and the health of farm animals. The objective of the study was to examine whether the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) changes the absorptive and secretory transport and barrier properties of piglet jejunum in vitro and thereby to verify tendencies observed in a former feeding trial with E. faecium. Further aims were to assess a potential mechanism of probiotics by testing effects of IL-α, which is upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of E. faecium-supplemented piglets, and to test the hypothesis that IL-1α induces a change in ion transport. Sows and their piglets were randomly assigned to a control group and a probiotic group supplemented with E. faecium. The sows received the probiotic supplemented feed from d 28 before parturition and the piglets from d 12 after birth. Piglets were killed at the age of 12 ± 1, 26 ± 1, 34 ± 1, and 54 ± 1 d. Ussing chamber studies were conducted with isolated mucosae from the mid jejunum. Samples were taken for mRNA expression analysis of sodium-glucose-linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The Na(+)/glucose cotransport was increased in the probiotic group compared with the control group at 26 (P = 0.04) and 54 d of age (P = 0.01). The PGE2-induced short circuit current (Isc) was greater at 54 d of age in the probiotic group compared with the control group (P = 0.03). In addition, effects of age on the absorptive (P < 0.01) and secretory (P < 0.01) capacities were observed. Neither SGLT1 nor CFTR mRNA expression was changed by probiotic supplementation. Mannitol flux rates as a marker of paracellular permeability decreased in both groups with increasing age and were less in the probiotic group at the 26 d of age (P = 0.04), indicating a tighter intestinal barrier. The ΔIsc induced by IL-1α was inhibited by bumetanide (P < 0.01), indicating an induction of Cl(-) secretion. Thus, in this experimental setup, E. faecium increased the absorptive and secretory capacity of jejunal mucosae and enhanced the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, the results indicated that IL-1α induces bumetanide-sensitive chloride secretion. The effects of cytokines as potential mediators of probiotic effects should, therefore, be the subject of further studies.
益生菌对动物的生长性能和健康有积极影响。本研究的目的是检测益生菌粪肠球菌 NCIMB 10415（E. faecium）是否改变仔猪空肠的吸收和分泌转运以及屏障特性，从而验证在以前的粪肠球菌喂养试验中观察到的趋势。进一步的目的是通过测试白细胞介素-α（IL-α）的影响来评估益生菌的潜在机制，白细胞介素-α在添加粪肠球菌的仔猪外周血单核细胞中上调，并测试 IL-1α诱导离子转运变化的假设。母猪及其仔猪被随机分配到对照组和补充粪肠球菌的益生菌组。母猪从分娩前 28 天开始接受补充益生菌的饲料，仔猪从出生后 12 天开始接受补充益生菌的饲料。仔猪在 12±1、26±1、34±1 和 54±1 日龄时被处死。使用从中肠分离的黏膜进行 Ussing 室研究。采集钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白 1（SGLT1）和囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节剂（CFTR）的 mRNA 表达分析样品。与对照组相比，26 日龄（P=0.04）和 54 日龄（P=0.01）时，益生菌组的 Na+/葡萄糖共转运增加。与对照组相比，益生菌组在 54 日龄时 PGE2 诱导的短路电流（Isc）更大（P=0.03）。此外，还观察到年龄对吸收（P<0.01）和分泌（P<0.01）能力的影响。补充益生菌并没有改变 SGLT1 或 CFTR 的 mRNA 表达。甘露醇通量率作为细胞旁通透性的标志物，随着年龄的增长在两组中均降低，并且在 26 日龄时益生菌组的通量率更低（P=0.04），这表明肠道屏障更紧密。白细胞介素-1α诱导的 ΔIsc 被布美他尼抑制（P<0.01），表明 Cl-分泌诱导。因此，在这个实验设置中，粪肠球菌增加了空肠黏膜的吸收和分泌能力，并增强了肠道屏障。此外，结果表明白细胞介素-1α诱导布美他尼敏感的氯离子分泌。因此，细胞因子作为益生菌作用的潜在介质的作用应该成为进一步研究的主题。
