Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany ; Cognitive Interaction Technology Centre of Excellence, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2013 Jan 22;3:599. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00599. eCollection 2012.
Studies on human recalibration of perceived visuo-motor simultaneity so far have been limited to the study of recalibration to movement-lead temporal discrepancies (visual lags). We studied adaptation to both vision-lead and movement-lead discrepancies, to test for differences between these conditions, as a leading visual stimulus violates the underlying cause-effect structure. To this end, we manipulated the temporal relationship between a motor action (button press) and a visual event (flashed disk) in a training phase. Participants were tested in a temporal order judgment task and perceived simultaneity (PSS) was compared before and after recalibration. A PHANToM©force-feedback device that tracks the finger position in real time was used to display a virtual button. We predicted the timing of full compression of the button from early movement onset in order to time visual stimuli even before the movement event of the full button press. The results show that recalibration of perceived visuo-motor simultaneity is evident in both directions and does not differ in magnitude between the conditions. The strength of recalibration decreases with perceptual accuracy, suggesting the possibility that some participants recalibrate less because they detect the discrepancy. We conclude that the mechanisms of temporal recalibration work in both directions and that there is no evidence that they are asymmetrical around the point of actual simultaneity, despite the underlying asymmetry in the cause-effect relation.
迄今为止，人类对感知视动同时性的重新校准的研究仅限于对运动领先的时间差异（视觉滞后）的重新校准研究。我们研究了对视觉领先和运动领先差异的适应，以测试这些条件之间的差异，因为主导视觉刺激违反了潜在的因果结构。为此，我们在训练阶段操纵了运动动作（按钮按下）和视觉事件（闪烁磁盘）之间的时间关系。参与者在时间顺序判断任务中进行测试，并在重新校准前后比较感知同时性（PSS）。PHANToM©力反馈设备实时跟踪手指位置，用于显示虚拟按钮。我们根据早期运动开始预测按钮的完全压缩时间，以便在完全按下按钮的运动事件之前甚至可以显示视觉刺激。结果表明，感知视动同时性的重新校准在两个方向上都是明显的，并且在条件之间的幅度上没有差异。重新校准的强度随感知准确性的降低而降低，这表明一些参与者重新校准较少的原因是他们检测到了差异。我们得出结论，时间重新校准的机制在两个方向上都起作用，尽管在因果关系中存在潜在的不对称性，但没有证据表明它们在实际同时性周围是不对称的。
