Streiling Kai, Schülke Rasmus, Straube Benjamin, van Dam Loes C J
Institute for Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb). 2025 Apr 17;11(1):65. doi: 10.1038/s41537-025-00614-0.
Perceiving causality is a low-level, immediate cognitive process based on temporal and spatial cues relating to sensory events and could be viewed as a perceptual judgement. Perceptual judgements in general are affected by a choice- and trial history bias, however, it is not yet fully understood how such a bias integrates into the perception of causality. Here, we investigate judgements of perceptual causality in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) as a perceptual decision process with systematic influences from past choices and experiences. We analysed previously collected data from a causality-judgement experiment using Michotte launching events and examined differences between patients with SSD (SSDs) and healthy control participants (HCs). We did this on several levels to shed light on known dysfunctions in the judgement of cause-effect relations in SSD, such as the jumping-to-conclusions bias. Using multiple Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models (GLMMs) revealed a significant direct influence of the choice-history for both participant groups. Trial-history (previous stimulus experiences) on the other hand appears to exert a more subtle influence on the current choice by modulating the effect of choice-history and current spatial and temporal properties. Regarding the stimulus of a given trial, SSDs relied more on spatial properties and less on temporal properties than HCs. Furthermore, an analysis of effects across time suggested an increasing reliance on previous choices for SSDs, and a decreasing effect for HCs. This hints towards a potentially maladaptive pattern which might contribute to biased causal attributions in SSD.
感知因果关系是一种基于与感官事件相关的时空线索的低级即时认知过程,可被视为一种知觉判断。一般来说,知觉判断会受到选择和试验历史偏差的影响,然而,这种偏差如何融入因果关系的感知尚未完全清楚。在这里,我们将精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)中的知觉因果判断作为一种受过去选择和经历系统影响的知觉决策过程进行研究。我们分析了之前从一个使用米乔特启动事件的因果判断实验中收集的数据,并检查了SSD患者(SSDs)和健康对照参与者(HCs)之间的差异。我们在几个层面上进行了这项研究,以阐明SSD中已知的因果关系判断功能障碍,比如草率下结论的偏差。使用多个广义线性混合效应模型(GLMMs)揭示了选择历史对两个参与者组都有显著的直接影响。另一方面,试验历史(先前的刺激经历)似乎通过调节选择历史以及当前时空属性的影响,对当前选择产生更微妙的影响。对于给定试验的刺激,与HCs相比,SSDs更多地依赖空间属性,而较少依赖时间属性。此外,对不同时间的效应分析表明,SSDs对先前选择的依赖在增加,而HCs的效应在减少。这暗示了一种潜在的适应不良模式,可能导致SSD中因果归因出现偏差。