Sakata Naoaki, Yoshimatsu Gumpei, Tsuchiya Haruyuki, Egawa Shinichi, Unno Michiaki
Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:256707. doi: 10.1155/2012/256707. Epub 2012 Dec 30.
Due to current improvements in techniques for islet isolation and transplantation and protocols for immunosuppressants, islet transplantation has become an effective treatment for severe diabetes patients. Many diabetic animal models have contributed to such improvements. In this paper, we focus on 3 types of models with different mechanisms for inducing diabetes mellitus (DM): models induced by drugs including streptozotocin (STZ), pancreatomized models, and spontaneous models due to autoimmunity. STZ-induced diabetes is one of the most commonly used experimental diabetic models and is employed using many specimens including rodents, pigs or monkeys. The management of STZ models is well established for islet studies. Pancreatomized models reveal different aspects compared to STZ-induced models in terms of loss of function in the increase and decrease of blood glucose and therefore are useful for evaluating the condition in total pancreatomized patients. Spontaneous models are useful for preclinical studies including the assessment of immunosuppressants because such models involve the same mechanisms as type 1 DM in the clinical setting. In conclusion, islet researchers should select suitable diabetic animal models according to the aim of the study.
由于目前胰岛分离和移植技术以及免疫抑制剂方案的改进，胰岛移植已成为重症糖尿病患者的有效治疗方法。许多糖尿病动物模型促成了此类改进。在本文中，我们重点关注3种具有不同糖尿病诱导机制的模型：由包括链脲佐菌素（STZ）在内的药物诱导的模型、胰腺切除模型以及自身免疫性自发模型。STZ诱导的糖尿病是最常用的实验性糖尿病模型之一，可用于包括啮齿动物、猪或猴子在内的许多样本。STZ模型的管理在胰岛研究中已得到充分确立。与STZ诱导的模型相比，胰腺切除模型在血糖升降功能丧失方面呈现出不同的方面，因此可用于评估全胰腺切除患者的病情。自发模型可用于包括免疫抑制剂评估在内的临床前研究，因为此类模型在临床环境中涉及与1型糖尿病相同的机制。总之，胰岛研究人员应根据研究目的选择合适的糖尿病动物模型。
