Emerging Methods Section, Environment Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Ecotoxicology. 2013 Apr;22(3):457-68. doi: 10.1007/s10646-012-1039-4. Epub 2013 Jan 26.
Cyanobacteria have often been described as nutritionally poor for herbivorous organisms. To gain additional information on the potential impacts of invertebrates feeding on cyanobacteria, we fed Elliptio complanata mussels with two types of algae: Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacteria) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green algae). Physiological parameters were examined at the energy status, immune system and oxidative stress levels. Energy status was examined by following the rate of electron transport activity in mitochondria (a measure of cellular energy expense) and lipid/sugar stores in the visceral mass. The cyanobacteria were not actively producing toxins. Based on the digestive gland index, the mussels fed equally on either regime. However, the energy status in mussels fed A. flos-aquae revealed that the total sugar was lower in the digestive gland, whereas mitochondrial electron transport activity (MET), once corrected against the digestive gland somatic index, showed increased energy expenses. Acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also higher in mussels fed with A. flos-aquae compared with mussels fed with P. subcapitata. LPO was correlated by mitochondrial activity in both the digestive gland and gills, suggesting that oxidative stress resulted from metabolic respiration. Immunocompetence (phagocytic activity, natural killer cell-like activity, haemocyte count and viability) and humoral level of lysozyme were not affected in mussels by the algae or cyanobacteria regime. Moreover, the xenobiotic conjugating enzyme, glutathione S-transferase, hemoprotein oxidase and vitellogenin-like proteins were not affected in mussel organs via ingestion of A. flos-aquae. Our study suggests that ingestion of cyanobacteria leads to increased energy expenses, oxidative stress and increased acetylcholine turnover in mussels.
蓝藻通常被描述为对草食性生物营养不足。为了获得更多关于无脊椎动物以蓝藻为食的潜在影响的信息，我们用两种藻类喂养椭圆田螺贻贝：鱼腥藻（蓝藻）和假鱼腥藻（绿藻）。在能量状态、免疫系统和氧化应激水平方面检查了生理参数。通过跟踪线粒体中的电子传递活性（衡量细胞能量消耗的指标）和内脏质量中的脂质/糖储存来检查能量状态。蓝藻没有产生毒素。根据消化腺指数，贻贝在两种处理中都同等进食。然而，在以 A. flos-aquae 为食的贻贝中，能量状态表明消化腺中的总糖含量较低，而线粒体电子传递活性（MET）在经过消化腺体指数校正后显示出能量消耗增加。与以 P. subcapitata 为食的贻贝相比，以 A. flos-aquae 为食的贻贝中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和脂质过氧化（LPO）也更高。在消化腺和鳃中，LPO 与线粒体活性相关，表明氧化应激是由代谢呼吸引起的。免疫能力（吞噬活性、自然杀伤细胞样活性、血细胞计数和活力）和贻贝体液中的溶菌酶水平不受藻类或蓝藻处理的影响。此外，通过摄入 A. flos-aquae，异生物共轭酶谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、血红素氧化酶和卵黄蛋白原样蛋白在贻贝器官中没有受到影响。我们的研究表明，摄入蓝藻会导致贻贝的能量消耗增加、氧化应激增加和乙酰胆碱周转率增加。
