Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 May;63(3):167-92. doi: 10.3322/caac.21171. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Hot flashes are prevalent and severe symptoms that can interfere with mood, sleep, and quality of life for women and men with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in individuals with cancer. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant English-language literature published through June 15, 2012. Results indicated that risk factors for hot flashes in cancer include patient-related factors (eg, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, smoking history, cardiovascular risk including body mass index, and genetics) and disease-related factors (eg, cancer diagnosis and dose/type of treatment). In addition, although the pathophysiology of hot flashes has remained elusive, these symptoms are likely attributable to disruptions in thermoregulation and neurochemicals. Therapies that have been offered or tested fall into 4 broad categories: pharmacological, nutraceutical, surgical, and complementary/behavioral strategies. The evidence base for this broad range of therapies varies, with some treatments not yet having been fully tested or showing equivocal results. The evidence base surrounding all therapies is evaluated to enhance hot flash treatment decision-making by clinicians and patients.
热潮是一种普遍存在且严重的症状，它会影响癌症患者的情绪、睡眠和生活质量。本文旨在回顾有关癌症患者热潮发生的危险因素、病理生理学和治疗的现有文献。通过电子检索，确定了截至 2012 年 6 月 15 日发表的相关英文文献。结果表明，癌症患者热潮发生的危险因素包括患者相关因素（如年龄、种族/民族、教育程度、吸烟史、心血管风险包括体重指数和遗传因素）和疾病相关因素（如癌症诊断和治疗剂量/类型）。此外，尽管热潮的病理生理学仍然难以捉摸，但这些症状可能归因于体温调节和神经化学物质的紊乱。已提供或测试的疗法可分为四大类：药理学、营养疗法、手术和补充/行为策略。这一系列疗法的证据基础各不相同，一些治疗方法尚未得到充分测试或结果存在争议。评估所有治疗方法的证据基础，旨在增强临床医生和患者对热潮治疗决策的信心。
