Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2013 Aug;63(Pt 8):2934-2944. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.049171-0. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (Ca7(T)) was isolated from a bioreactor showing extensive phosphorus removal. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain Ca7(T) was grouped in the genus Bacillus, most closely related to Bacillus nanhaiensis JSM 082006(T) (100 %), Bacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2(T) (99.2 %) and Bacillus arsenicus Con a/3(T) (97.7 %). Moderate 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found to the type strains of the species Bacillus gelatini and Bacillus rigui (96.4 %), Bacillus macauensis (95.1 %) and Bacillus solisalsi (96.1 %). All these species were grouped into a monophyletic cluster and showed very low sequence similarities (<94 %) to the type species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis. The quinone system of strain Ca7(T) consists predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile exhibited the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, minor compounds of an unidentified phospholipid and an aminophospholipid were detected. No glycolipids were found in strain Ca7(T), which was consistent with the lipid profiles of B. nanhaiensis, B. barbaricus, B. arsenicus, B. rigui, B. solisalsi, B. macauensis and B. gelatini, but in contrast to B. subtilis. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. The major fatty acids, which were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, supported the grouping of strain Ca7(T) in the family Bacillaceae. The strain showed DNA-DNA similarities of 48 % (reciprocal 47 %) to B. nanhaiensis DSM 23009(T), 31 % (reciprocal 36 %) to B. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2(T) and 29 % (reciprocal 39 %) to B. arsenicus DSM 15822(T), respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that strain Ca7(T) is a representative of a novel species, which can be differentiated from its closest relatives by physiological and biochemical tests. Because of the low sequence similarity of strain Ca7(T) to B. subtilis, which was shared by B. nanhaiensis, B. barbaricus, B. arsenicus, B. gelatini, B. rigui, B. solisalsi and B. macauensis, and their unique lipid patterns, we propose that strain Ca7(T) represents a novel species in a novel genus for which the name Fictibacillus phosphorivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ca7(T) (= CCM 8426(T) = LMG 27063(T)). In addition we propose the reclassification of B. nanhaiensis, B. barbaricus, B. arsenicus, B. rigui, B. macauensis, B. solisalsi and B. gelatini as Fictibacillus nanhaiensis comb. nov., Fictibacillus barbaricus comb. nov., Fictibacillus arsenicus comb. nov., Fictibacillus rigui comb. nov., Fictibacillus macauensis comb. nov., Fictibacillus solisalsi comb. nov. and Fictibacillus gelatini comb. nov., respectively [type strains JSM 082006(T) (= DSM 23009(T) = KCTC 13712(T)), V2-BIII-A2(T) ( = CCM 4982(T) = DSM 14730(T)), Con a/3(T) ( = MTCC 4380(T) = DSM 15822(T) = JCM 12167(T)), WPCB074(T) ( = KCTC 13278(T) = JCM 16348(T)), ZFHKF-1(T) ( = JCM 13285(T) = DSM 17262(T)), YC1(T) ( = KCTC 13181(T) = CGMCC 1.6854(T)) and LMG 21881(T) ( = DSM 15866(T)), respectively].
一株革兰氏阳性、需氧、产芽孢的细菌（Ca7(T)）是从表现出广泛磷去除能力的生物反应器中分离出来的。根据 16S rRNA 基因序列相似性比较，菌株 Ca7(T) 被归入芽孢杆菌属，与南海芽孢杆菌 JSM 082006(T)（100%）、巴巴多斯芽孢杆菌 V2-BIII-A2(T)（99.2%）和砷芽孢杆菌 Con a/3(T)（97.7%）最为密切相关。菌株 Ca7(T) 的 16S rRNA 基因序列与凝胶芽孢杆菌和 Rigui 芽孢杆菌的模式种（96.4%）、澳门芽孢杆菌（95.1%）和 Solisalsi 芽孢杆菌（96.1%）也有中度相似性。所有这些种都聚集在一个单系群中，与芽孢杆菌属的模式种枯草芽孢杆菌的序列相似度非常低（<94%）。菌株 Ca7(T) 的醌系统主要由menaquinone MK-7 组成。极性脂谱显示主要化合物为双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰乙醇胺。此外，还检测到少量的未鉴定磷脂和氨基磷脂。菌株 Ca7(T) 中未发现糖脂，这与南海芽孢杆菌、巴巴多斯芽孢杆菌、砷芽孢杆菌、Rigui 芽孢杆菌、Solisalsi 芽孢杆菌、澳门芽孢杆菌和 Gelatini 芽孢杆菌的脂谱一致，但与枯草芽孢杆菌不同。肽聚糖的二氨基酸是 meso-二氨基庚二酸，聚胺模式主要含有 spermidine 和 spermine。主要脂肪酸为 iso-C15:0、anteiso-C15:0 和 C16:0，支持菌株 Ca7(T) 在芽孢杆菌科中的分组。该菌株与南海芽孢杆菌 DSM 23009(T) 的 DNA-DNA 相似性为 48%（相互 47%），与巴巴多斯芽孢杆菌 V2-BIII-A2(T) 的为 31%（相互 36%），与砷芽孢杆菌 DSM 15822(T) 的为 29%（相互 39%）。这些结果清楚地表明，菌株 Ca7(T) 是一个新型种的代表，可通过生理生化试验与其最接近的亲缘种区分开来。由于菌株 Ca7(T) 与南海芽孢杆菌、巴巴多斯芽孢杆菌、砷芽孢杆菌、Gelatini 芽孢杆菌、Rigui 芽孢杆菌、Solisalsi 芽孢杆菌和澳门芽孢杆菌共享的枯草芽孢杆菌的序列相似性较低，以及它们独特的脂谱，我们建议将菌株 Ca7(T) 代表一个新属中的一个新种，命名为 Fictibacillus phosphorivorans gen. nov.，sp. nov.。模式菌株为 Ca7(T)（=CCM 8426(T)=LMG 27063(T)）。此外，我们建议重新分类南海芽孢杆菌、巴巴多斯芽孢杆菌、砷芽孢杆菌、Rigui 芽孢杆菌、澳门芽孢杆菌、Solisalsi 芽孢杆菌和 Gelatini 芽孢杆菌，分别为 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis comb. nov.、Fictibacillus barbaricus comb. nov.、Fictibacillus arsenicus comb. nov.、Fictibacillus rigui comb. nov.、Fictibacillus macauensis comb. nov.、Fictibacillus solisalsi comb. nov. 和 Fictibacillus gelatini comb. nov.，分别对应 JSM 082006(T)（=DSM 23009(T)=KCTC 13712(T)）、V2-BIII-A2(T)（=CCM 4982(T)=DSM 14730(T)）、Con a/3(T)（=MTCC 4380(T)=DSM 15822(T)=JCM 12167(T)）、WPCB074(T)（=KCTC 13278(T)=JCM 16348(T)）、ZFHKF-1(T)（=JCM 13285(T)=DSM 17262(T)）和 LMG 21881(T)（=DSM 15866(T)）。
