State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, No 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Jan 28;10(2):490-8. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10020490.
Early ecologists identified a pyramidal trophic structure in terms of number, biomass and energy transfer. In 1943, the psychologist Maslow put forward a pyramid model to describe layers of human needs. It is indicated that the pyramid principle is universally applicable in natural, humanistic and social disciplines. Here, we report that a pyramid structure also exists in urban public health (UPH). Based on 18 indicators, the UPH states of four cities (Beijing, Tokyo, New York, and London) are compared from the point of view of five aspects, namely physical health, living conditions, social security, environmental quality, and education and culture. A pyramid structure was found in each city when focusing on 2000-2009 data. The pyramid of Beijing is relatively similar to that of Tokyo, and the pyramids of New York and London are similar to each other. A general development trend in UPH is proposed and represented by different pyramid modes. As a basic conjecture, the UPH pyramid model can be verified and developed with data of more cities over a longer period, and be used to promote healthy urban development.
早期生态学家根据数量、生物量和能量传递确定了金字塔式的营养结构。1943 年，心理学家马斯洛提出了一个金字塔模型来描述人类需求的层次。这表明金字塔原理在自然、人文和社会学科中普遍适用。在这里，我们报告城市公共卫生（UPH）中也存在金字塔结构。基于 18 项指标，从身体健康、生活条件、社会保障、环境质量和教育文化五个方面比较了四个城市（北京、东京、纽约和伦敦）的 UPH 状况。当关注 2000-2009 年的数据时，每个城市都发现了金字塔结构。北京的金字塔与东京的金字塔较为相似，而纽约和伦敦的金字塔则彼此相似。提出了 UPH 的一般发展趋势，并以不同的金字塔模式表示。作为一个基本假设，可以用更多城市更长时期的数据来验证和发展 UPH 金字塔模型，并用于促进健康城市的发展。
