Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Jul;99(1):52-61. doi: 10.1037/a0018066.
The Gallup World Poll, the first representative sample of planet Earth, was used to explore the reasons why happiness is associated with higher income, including the meeting of basic needs, fulfillment of psychological needs, increasing satisfaction with one's standard of living, and public goods. Across the globe, the association of log income with subjective well-being was linear but convex with raw income, indicating the declining marginal effects of income on subjective well-being. Income was a moderately strong predictor of life evaluation but a much weaker predictor of positive and negative feelings. Possessing luxury conveniences and satisfaction with standard of living were also strong predictors of life evaluation. Although the meeting of basic and psychological needs mediated the effects of income on life evaluation to some degree, the strongest mediation was provided by standard of living and ownership of conveniences. In contrast, feelings were most associated with the fulfillment of psychological needs: learning, autonomy, using one's skills, respect, and the ability to count on others in an emergency. Thus, two separate types of prosperity-economic and social psychological-best predict different types of well-being.
盖洛普世界民意调查是对地球进行的首次有代表性的抽样调查，利用该调查探索了幸福感与高收入相关的原因，包括基本需求的满足、心理需求的满足、对自身生活水平满意度的提高以及公共产品等。在全球范围内，对数收入与主观幸福感之间的关联呈线性但凸形，表明收入对主观幸福感的边际效应递减。收入是生活评价的中度强预测指标，但对积极和消极情绪的预测能力要弱得多。拥有奢侈品和对生活水平的满意度也是生活评价的强有力预测指标。虽然基本需求和心理需求的满足在一定程度上中介了收入对生活评价的影响，但对生活评价影响最大的是生活水平和便利性的拥有。相比之下，幸福感与心理需求的满足关系最为密切：学习、自主性、运用技能、尊重和在紧急情况下能够依靠他人的能力。因此，两种不同类型的繁荣——经济和社会心理——可以最好地预测不同类型的幸福感。
